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<p><i>Arisaema</i>, the third largest genus in the family Araceae, exhibited remarkable morphological diversity and wide biogeographic distribution. However, its plastome evolution remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we analysed the complete chloroplast genomes of 13 <i>Arisaema</i> taxa spanning nine taxonomic sections, including a newly assembled plastome of <i>A. prazeri</i> from southwestern China. The plastomes exhibited a conserved quadripartite structure with no major structural rearrangements, though variations such as indels, repeats sequences, and IR expansion/contraction were observed. Sliding window and repeat structure analyses identified regions of high nucleotide diversity, particularly in the SSC and IR regions, suggesting potential mutation hotspots. Phylogenomic analyses provided enhanced resolution of interspecific relationships, notably repositioning <i>A. nepenthoides</i> as a sister lineage to all other sampled taxa. Despite extensive morphological diversification, plastome structure remains relatively stable across the genus, indicating the plastome evolution may be decoupled from morphological variation. Further exploration of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes is recommended to clarify the evolutionary mechanisms underlying <i>Arisaema</i> diversification and adaptation.</p>

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Evolutionary dynamics of plastomes within Arisaema (Araceae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月29日

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  • Shook Ling Low,
  • Sven Landrein

摘要

Arisaema, the third largest genus in the family Araceae, exhibited remarkable morphological diversity and wide biogeographic distribution. However, its plastome evolution remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we analysed the complete chloroplast genomes of 13 Arisaema taxa spanning nine taxonomic sections, including a newly assembled plastome of A. prazeri from southwestern China. The plastomes exhibited a conserved quadripartite structure with no major structural rearrangements, though variations such as indels, repeats sequences, and IR expansion/contraction were observed. Sliding window and repeat structure analyses identified regions of high nucleotide diversity, particularly in the SSC and IR regions, suggesting potential mutation hotspots. Phylogenomic analyses provided enhanced resolution of interspecific relationships, notably repositioning A. nepenthoides as a sister lineage to all other sampled taxa. Despite extensive morphological diversification, plastome structure remains relatively stable across the genus, indicating the plastome evolution may be decoupled from morphological variation. Further exploration of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes is recommended to clarify the evolutionary mechanisms underlying Arisaema diversification and adaptation.