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<p>In this study, four distinct polymerization strategies were systematically compared to fabricate poly(methyl methacrylate) nano/microspheres (PMMA N/MSs) with tunable diameters ranging from 63 to 1200 nm. While individual PMMA synthesis routes have been explored in prior research, a comprehensive experimental investigation comparing key polymerization parameters across multiple techniques remains limited. Here, we examine the effects of initiator concentration, aqueous phase volume, reaction time and temperature, rotation rate, and dispersion medium on particle size. Moreover, we evaluate the role of additives such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in particle nucleation and stabilization. This work uniquely demonstrates how fine-tuning process variables enables precise and reproducible size control across a wide range of synthesis conditions. The results offer a cost-effective, scalable approach to PMMA N/MS fabrication and provide a framework for modifying particle sizes for specific applications in biomedical engineering, coatings, and photonics.</p> Graphical abstract <p>Controlled synthesis of PMMA nano/microspheres with customized sizes.</p>

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Fine-tuning synthesis conditions for tailored sizes of poly(methyl methacrylate) nano/microspheres

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月28日

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  • Maliheh Sadat Arab Jafari,
  • Farzaneh Bayat,
  • Kazem Jamshidi-Ghaleh,
  • Ali Reza Amani-Ghadim

摘要

In this study, four distinct polymerization strategies were systematically compared to fabricate poly(methyl methacrylate) nano/microspheres (PMMA N/MSs) with tunable diameters ranging from 63 to 1200 nm. While individual PMMA synthesis routes have been explored in prior research, a comprehensive experimental investigation comparing key polymerization parameters across multiple techniques remains limited. Here, we examine the effects of initiator concentration, aqueous phase volume, reaction time and temperature, rotation rate, and dispersion medium on particle size. Moreover, we evaluate the role of additives such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in particle nucleation and stabilization. This work uniquely demonstrates how fine-tuning process variables enables precise and reproducible size control across a wide range of synthesis conditions. The results offer a cost-effective, scalable approach to PMMA N/MS fabrication and provide a framework for modifying particle sizes for specific applications in biomedical engineering, coatings, and photonics.

Graphical abstract

Controlled synthesis of PMMA nano/microspheres with customized sizes.