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<p>MXenes, two-dimensional (2D) metal carbides, and nitrides exhibit exceptional electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and tunable surface properties, making them highly attractive for applications in energy storage, catalysis, and sensing. However, MXenes (e.g., Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub>) suffer from mechanical brittleness and poor oxidation stability, limiting their applicability and long-term durability. In this study, we present a composite integrating MXene with TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN) derived from tunicate and tannic acid (TA). TOCN possesses high mechanical strength due to the high crystallinity of tunicate, while carboxyl groups introduced by TEMPO-mediated oxidation facilitate improved interfacial bonding with MXene layers. TA, a natural polyphenol with excellent oxidation resistance, further integrates MXene and TOCN by strong hydrogen bonding. The fabricated MXene/TA/TOCN composite demonstrated significantly improved mechanical strength of 98.3&#xa0;MPa and oxidation resistance while maintaining good electrical conductivity (81.4&#xa0;S/cm). This synergistic integration of TA and TOCN highlights the potential of MXene/TA/TOCN for energy storage devices and flexible electronic applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Bio-inspired reinforcement of MXene composites: tannic acid and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers for enhanced mechanical and oxidation stability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月24日

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  • Yeonghyeon Lee,
  • Yeongbeom Hong,
  • Bong Sup Shim

摘要

MXenes, two-dimensional (2D) metal carbides, and nitrides exhibit exceptional electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and tunable surface properties, making them highly attractive for applications in energy storage, catalysis, and sensing. However, MXenes (e.g., Ti3C2Tx) suffer from mechanical brittleness and poor oxidation stability, limiting their applicability and long-term durability. In this study, we present a composite integrating MXene with TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN) derived from tunicate and tannic acid (TA). TOCN possesses high mechanical strength due to the high crystallinity of tunicate, while carboxyl groups introduced by TEMPO-mediated oxidation facilitate improved interfacial bonding with MXene layers. TA, a natural polyphenol with excellent oxidation resistance, further integrates MXene and TOCN by strong hydrogen bonding. The fabricated MXene/TA/TOCN composite demonstrated significantly improved mechanical strength of 98.3 MPa and oxidation resistance while maintaining good electrical conductivity (81.4 S/cm). This synergistic integration of TA and TOCN highlights the potential of MXene/TA/TOCN for energy storage devices and flexible electronic applications.

Graphical abstract