<p>Let <i>M</i> be a semi-finite von Neumann algebra with a faithful normal semifinite trace <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>τ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and let <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L_{0}(M)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be the set of all <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>τ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> -measurable operators. On this space, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu _{t}(A)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((t&gt;0)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denotes the generalized singular numbers of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A\in L_{0}(M)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this work, we prove the following inequality: if <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f:[0,\infty )\rightarrow [0,\infty )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a continuous concave function, for any <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A_{i}\in L_{0}(M)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((1\le i\le m)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <Equation ID="Equ4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \mu \left( f\left( \left| \sum _{i=1}^{m}A_{i}\right| \right) \right) \preccurlyeq \mu \left( f\left( \frac{1}{2}\left( \begin{array}{cc} \sum _{i=1}^{m}\left| A_{i}\right| &amp; \sum _{i=1}^{m}A_{i}^{*} \\ \sum _{i=1}^{m}A_{i} &amp; \sum _{i=1}^{m}\left| A_{i}^{*}\right| \end{array} \right) \right) \right) \preccurlyeq \sum _{i=1}^{m}\mu \left( f\left( \left| A_{i}\right| \right) \right) . \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>f</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfenced close="|" open="|"> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mfenced> </mfenced> </mfenced> <mo>≼</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>f</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </msubsup> <mfenced close="|" open="|"> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mfenced> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </msubsup> <mmultiscripts> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mrow /> <msubsup> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </msubsup> <mfenced close="|" open="|"> <mmultiscripts> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </mfenced> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mfenced> </mfenced> <mo>≼</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </munderover> <mi>μ</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>f</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfenced close="|" open="|"> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mfenced> </mfenced> </mfenced> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation></p>

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A note on “Concave function inequalities for sums of matrices”

  • Feng Zhang

摘要

Let M be a semi-finite von Neumann algebra with a faithful normal semifinite trace \(\tau \) τ , and let \(L_{0}(M)\) L 0 ( M ) be the set of all \(\tau \) τ -measurable operators. On this space, \(\mu _{t}(A)\) μ t ( A ) \((t>0)\) ( t > 0 ) denotes the generalized singular numbers of \(A\in L_{0}(M)\) A L 0 ( M ) . In this work, we prove the following inequality: if \(f:[0,\infty )\rightarrow [0,\infty )\) f : [ 0 , ) [ 0 , ) is a continuous concave function, for any \(A_{i}\in L_{0}(M)\) A i L 0 ( M ) \((1\le i\le m)\) ( 1 i m ) , \(\begin{aligned} \mu \left( f\left( \left| \sum _{i=1}^{m}A_{i}\right| \right) \right) \preccurlyeq \mu \left( f\left( \frac{1}{2}\left( \begin{array}{cc} \sum _{i=1}^{m}\left| A_{i}\right| & \sum _{i=1}^{m}A_{i}^{*} \\ \sum _{i=1}^{m}A_{i} & \sum _{i=1}^{m}\left| A_{i}^{*}\right| \end{array} \right) \right) \right) \preccurlyeq \sum _{i=1}^{m}\mu \left( f\left( \left| A_{i}\right| \right) \right) . \end{aligned}\) μ f i = 1 m A i μ f 1 2 i = 1 m A i i = 1 m A i i = 1 m A i i = 1 m A i i = 1 m μ f A i .