<p>The present study deals with the investigation of the minimization problem involving symmetric forms: <Equation ID="Equ6"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13226_2025_791_Article_Equ6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="43" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="394" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned}\inf \left\{ \int _{\Omega }f\left( d_s \varphi (x)\right) \,dx:\varphi \in \varphi _0+W^{1,p}_{0}\left( \Omega ;\vee ^{k-1}({\mathbb {R}}^{n})\right) \right\} ,\end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mo movablelimits="true">inf</mo> <mfenced close="}" open="{"> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <mi>f</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfenced> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>φ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mi>W</mi> <mn>0</mn> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>;</mo> <msup> <mo>∨</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfenced> </mfenced> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13226_2025_791_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="55" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^{n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is open, bounded, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13226_2025_791_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="112" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f:\vee ^{k}({\mathbb {R}}^{n})\rightarrow \bar{{\mathbb {R}}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <msup> <mo>∨</mo> <mi>k</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mover accent="true"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13226_2025_791_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varphi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>φ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a symmetric form and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13226_2025_791_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="176" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varphi _{0}\in W^{1,p}\left( \Omega ;\vee ^{k-1}({\mathbb {R}}^{n})\right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>W</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>;</mo> <msup> <mo>∨</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Symmetric forms come up naturally in geometry, in the form of Riemannian metrics, and in nonlinear elasticity when we talk about strain tensors. We discuss the direct methods in the calculus of variations in the framework of symmetric forms. We begin by introducing the notions of <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13226_2025_791_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\vee ^{k}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mo>∨</mo> <mi>k</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-quasiconvexity and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13226_2025_791_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\vee ^{k}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mo>∨</mo> <mi>k</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-rank one convexity and study the inter relations. We settle Morrey’s Conjecture for the case of symmetric forms except when <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13226_2025_791_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n=2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Furthermore, we show that the class of <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13226_2025_791_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\vee ^{k}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mo>∨</mo> <mi>k</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-rank one affine functions and affine functions are all the same. We prove the existence of minimizers for minimization problems involving symmetric forms.</p>

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Calculus of variations with symmetric forms

  • Ashis Kumar Pati

摘要

The present study deals with the investigation of the minimization problem involving symmetric forms: \(\begin{aligned}\inf \left\{ \int _{\Omega }f\left( d_s \varphi (x)\right) \,dx:\varphi \in \varphi _0+W^{1,p}_{0}\left( \Omega ;\vee ^{k-1}({\mathbb {R}}^{n})\right) \right\} ,\end{aligned}\) inf Ω f d s φ ( x ) d x : φ φ 0 + W 0 1 , p Ω ; k - 1 ( R n ) , where \(\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^{n}\) Ω R n is open, bounded, \(f:\vee ^{k}({\mathbb {R}}^{n})\rightarrow \bar{{\mathbb {R}}}\) f : k ( R n ) R ¯ and \(\varphi \) φ is a symmetric form and \(\varphi _{0}\in W^{1,p}\left( \Omega ;\vee ^{k-1}({\mathbb {R}}^{n})\right) \) φ 0 W 1 , p Ω ; k - 1 ( R n ) . Symmetric forms come up naturally in geometry, in the form of Riemannian metrics, and in nonlinear elasticity when we talk about strain tensors. We discuss the direct methods in the calculus of variations in the framework of symmetric forms. We begin by introducing the notions of \(\vee ^{k}\) k -quasiconvexity and \(\vee ^{k}\) k -rank one convexity and study the inter relations. We settle Morrey’s Conjecture for the case of symmetric forms except when \(n=2\) n = 2 . Furthermore, we show that the class of \(\vee ^{k}\) k -rank one affine functions and affine functions are all the same. We prove the existence of minimizers for minimization problems involving symmetric forms.