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Background <p>Recurrence rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are as high as 48%. There is a paucity of evidence on pregnancy outcomes in women with recurrent GDM. The aim of the study was to compare the pregnancy outcomes between recurrent and new onset GDM in multiparous women and factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.</p> Methodology <p>This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a tertiary care institute in South India from September 2022 to June 2024. Two hundred and sixty -four multiparous women &gt; 18&#xa0;years of age with singleton foetus and diagnosed as GDM based on 75-g OGTT using IADPSG criteria were recruited to the study. Women with overt DM, type 1 and type 2 DM and long-term steroid use were excluded. The study subjects were stratified into two groups: recurrent GDM and new onset GDM, and were followed till delivery. Demographic characteristics, clinical profile details and maternal and perinatal outcomes were recorded. The Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables, and the Student t test was used to compare continuous variables. A logistic regression analysis was done to identify the association of risk factors with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The strength of the association of recurrent GDM with adverse pregnancy outcomes was reported as odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval, and adjusted OR (aOR) was calculated after adjusting for potential confounders. A <i>p</i> value of &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p> Results <p>Low Apgar score at 1&#xa0;min (29.6 vs 9.8%, aOR: 5.18, 95% CI: 2.13–12.60, <i>p</i> = 0.000) and need for resuscitation (51.9 vs 32.7%, aOR: 2.33,95% CI: 1.23–4.40, <i>p</i> = 0.009) were significantly higher in women with recurrent GDM in comparison with new onset GDM after adjusting for factors (age, BMI, gestational age at delivery and need for hypoglycaemic drugs) that were significantly associated with these outcomes. Antepartum haemorrhage, stillbirth, very low birth weight babies and neonatal deaths were observed only in multiparous women with new onset GDM.</p> Conclusions <p>Recurrent GDM had a significantly higher proportion of some adverse pregnancy outcomes when compared to new onset GDM in multiparous women.</p>

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Comparison of Pregnancy Outcome Between Recurrent and New Onset Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Multiparous Women

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Sindura Pillutla,
  • Viswanath Narendiran,
  • Rashmi Basapur,
  • Jayaprakash Sahoo,
  • Haritha Sagili

摘要

Background

Recurrence rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are as high as 48%. There is a paucity of evidence on pregnancy outcomes in women with recurrent GDM. The aim of the study was to compare the pregnancy outcomes between recurrent and new onset GDM in multiparous women and factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methodology

This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a tertiary care institute in South India from September 2022 to June 2024. Two hundred and sixty -four multiparous women > 18 years of age with singleton foetus and diagnosed as GDM based on 75-g OGTT using IADPSG criteria were recruited to the study. Women with overt DM, type 1 and type 2 DM and long-term steroid use were excluded. The study subjects were stratified into two groups: recurrent GDM and new onset GDM, and were followed till delivery. Demographic characteristics, clinical profile details and maternal and perinatal outcomes were recorded. The Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables, and the Student t test was used to compare continuous variables. A logistic regression analysis was done to identify the association of risk factors with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The strength of the association of recurrent GDM with adverse pregnancy outcomes was reported as odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval, and adjusted OR (aOR) was calculated after adjusting for potential confounders. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Low Apgar score at 1 min (29.6 vs 9.8%, aOR: 5.18, 95% CI: 2.13–12.60, p = 0.000) and need for resuscitation (51.9 vs 32.7%, aOR: 2.33,95% CI: 1.23–4.40, p = 0.009) were significantly higher in women with recurrent GDM in comparison with new onset GDM after adjusting for factors (age, BMI, gestational age at delivery and need for hypoglycaemic drugs) that were significantly associated with these outcomes. Antepartum haemorrhage, stillbirth, very low birth weight babies and neonatal deaths were observed only in multiparous women with new onset GDM.

Conclusions

Recurrent GDM had a significantly higher proportion of some adverse pregnancy outcomes when compared to new onset GDM in multiparous women.