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Background <p>Due to the conflicting reports of obstetric outcomes in ART pregnancies following fresh versus frozen ET, it is the need of the hour to study it further. This study aims to compare the maternal and fetal outcome in IVF pregnancies following fresh versus frozen embryo transfers.</p> Material and Methods <p>The present ambidirectional cohort study was conducted on 64 women with IVF pregnancies conceived with fresh vs. frozen embryo transfers and delivering at a tertiary care medical college. Regression analysis was used to investigate the association between type of ET (Frozen vs. Fresh) and obstetric outcome (maternal and perinatal outcomes). Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 28 version (IBM SPSS).</p> Results <p>The mean no. of embryos transferred was higher in case of Frozen embryo transfers. Tubal factor was the commonest indication for IVF followed by poor ovarian reserve. Hypothyroidism was the most common pre-existing medical condition. Twin pregnancies (<i>p</i> = 0.001) were significantly higher with frozen embryo transfer while the number of singleton pregnancies were similar in both the groups. Caesarean section (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and malpresentation (<i>p</i> = 0.01) were found to be significantly increased in twin pregnancies in FET group. Abnormal placentation, HDP, GDM, Thyroid disorders, Oligohydramnios, PPROM, PROM, Doppler changes, FGR, Fetal distress and PPH were comparable in singletons as well as twin pregnancies with fresh ET and FET both. The risk of LGA (<i>p</i> = 0.041) was higher with frozen transfer whereas need for NICU (<i>p</i> = 0.006) was found to be significantly higher in singleton pregnancies conceived through fresh embryo transfer and twin pregnancies through FET (<i>p</i> = 0.0032).</p> Conclusion <p>Twin pregnancies and complications like malpresentation and caesarean delivery occurring due to multiple pregnancy were more frequently seen in the FET group otherwise there was no difference in maternal or neonatal outcomes between the fresh ET &amp; FET group in the singleton pregnancy. We, therefore, recommend that elective single embryo transfer could be used as a strategy to minimize the risks.</p>

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Comparative Study of Obstetric Outcome in In Vitro Fertilization Pregnancies Following Fresh Versus Frozen Embryo Transfer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Vineeta Gupta,
  • Ragini Gulati,
  • Archna Tandon,
  • Utkarsh Sharma

摘要

Background

Due to the conflicting reports of obstetric outcomes in ART pregnancies following fresh versus frozen ET, it is the need of the hour to study it further. This study aims to compare the maternal and fetal outcome in IVF pregnancies following fresh versus frozen embryo transfers.

Material and Methods

The present ambidirectional cohort study was conducted on 64 women with IVF pregnancies conceived with fresh vs. frozen embryo transfers and delivering at a tertiary care medical college. Regression analysis was used to investigate the association between type of ET (Frozen vs. Fresh) and obstetric outcome (maternal and perinatal outcomes). Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 28 version (IBM SPSS).

Results

The mean no. of embryos transferred was higher in case of Frozen embryo transfers. Tubal factor was the commonest indication for IVF followed by poor ovarian reserve. Hypothyroidism was the most common pre-existing medical condition. Twin pregnancies (p = 0.001) were significantly higher with frozen embryo transfer while the number of singleton pregnancies were similar in both the groups. Caesarean section (p = 0.02) and malpresentation (p = 0.01) were found to be significantly increased in twin pregnancies in FET group. Abnormal placentation, HDP, GDM, Thyroid disorders, Oligohydramnios, PPROM, PROM, Doppler changes, FGR, Fetal distress and PPH were comparable in singletons as well as twin pregnancies with fresh ET and FET both. The risk of LGA (p = 0.041) was higher with frozen transfer whereas need for NICU (p = 0.006) was found to be significantly higher in singleton pregnancies conceived through fresh embryo transfer and twin pregnancies through FET (p = 0.0032).

Conclusion

Twin pregnancies and complications like malpresentation and caesarean delivery occurring due to multiple pregnancy were more frequently seen in the FET group otherwise there was no difference in maternal or neonatal outcomes between the fresh ET & FET group in the singleton pregnancy. We, therefore, recommend that elective single embryo transfer could be used as a strategy to minimize the risks.