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<p>This paper presents experimental evidence on the effectiveness of personalized social services in promoting the socioeconomic inclusion of vulnerable populations in Spain. We evaluate two randomized controlled trials implemented under the national Inclusion Policy Lab, which complements Spain’s Minimum Income Scheme (IMV). The first trial, conducted in Barcelona, offered individualized inclusion plans and coordinated follow-up through a one-stop service model for a heterogeneous population. The second, in Castilla-La Mancha, targeted vulnerable women and combined personalized case management with integrated social and employment services. Using administrative records and survey data, we find that the Barcelona program had no significant impacts on employment, subjective well-being, or social inclusion. In contrast, the Castilla-La Mancha intervention led to meaningful improvements in perceived employability, mental health, and social inclusion, but no effects on actual employment. Heterogeneous treatment effects reveal more positive impacts for participants previously using municipal social services and those with Spanish nationality in Barcelona, and for rural residents and previously employed in Castilla-La Mancha. Our results suggest that personalization can enhance subjective dimensions of inclusion and engagement but may be insufficient on its own to overcome structural barriers to labor market entry—at least when program duration is limited.</p>

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Personalized social services and socioeconomic inclusion: experimental evidence from Spain

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • María Calle García,
  • Maria Hernandez-de-Benito,
  • Teresa Molina-Millán

摘要

This paper presents experimental evidence on the effectiveness of personalized social services in promoting the socioeconomic inclusion of vulnerable populations in Spain. We evaluate two randomized controlled trials implemented under the national Inclusion Policy Lab, which complements Spain’s Minimum Income Scheme (IMV). The first trial, conducted in Barcelona, offered individualized inclusion plans and coordinated follow-up through a one-stop service model for a heterogeneous population. The second, in Castilla-La Mancha, targeted vulnerable women and combined personalized case management with integrated social and employment services. Using administrative records and survey data, we find that the Barcelona program had no significant impacts on employment, subjective well-being, or social inclusion. In contrast, the Castilla-La Mancha intervention led to meaningful improvements in perceived employability, mental health, and social inclusion, but no effects on actual employment. Heterogeneous treatment effects reveal more positive impacts for participants previously using municipal social services and those with Spanish nationality in Barcelona, and for rural residents and previously employed in Castilla-La Mancha. Our results suggest that personalization can enhance subjective dimensions of inclusion and engagement but may be insufficient on its own to overcome structural barriers to labor market entry—at least when program duration is limited.