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<p>We generated a high-quality draft genome assembly for <i>Nerium oleander</i> of approximately 447&#xa0;Mb, comprising 269 contigs with a GC content of 33%. Genome annotation identified 33,243 protein-coding genes and 3,078 RNA features. Predicted functional annotation revealed identification of gene families associated with stress response and metal homeostasis, including pathways related to amino acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, ABC transporters, and NRAMP transporter families. In addition, genes putatively involved in secondary metabolism and phytohormone biosynthesis were identified, including those associated with salicylic acid, gibberellic acid, brassinosteroids, auxins, cytokinin, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid pathways, as well as metal-binding and detoxification-related compounds such as phytochelatins and metallothioneins. These results provide genomic evidence for a broad repertoire of stress-associated and metal-responsive pathways in <i>N. oleander</i>. The genome blueprint establishes a foundation for future transcriptomic and functional studies to validate gene expression and regulatory mechanisms under heavy metal and other abiotic stress conditions and supports its potential application in phytoremediation and stress tolerance research.</p>

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Genome and functional annotation of nerium oleander reveal environmental stress-associated and metabolic pathways

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月15日

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  • Naira Ibrahim,
  • Ananda Nanjundaswamy,
  • Daniel P. Schmitt,
  • Vinayak Kapatral

摘要

We generated a high-quality draft genome assembly for Nerium oleander of approximately 447 Mb, comprising 269 contigs with a GC content of 33%. Genome annotation identified 33,243 protein-coding genes and 3,078 RNA features. Predicted functional annotation revealed identification of gene families associated with stress response and metal homeostasis, including pathways related to amino acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, ABC transporters, and NRAMP transporter families. In addition, genes putatively involved in secondary metabolism and phytohormone biosynthesis were identified, including those associated with salicylic acid, gibberellic acid, brassinosteroids, auxins, cytokinin, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid pathways, as well as metal-binding and detoxification-related compounds such as phytochelatins and metallothioneins. These results provide genomic evidence for a broad repertoire of stress-associated and metal-responsive pathways in N. oleander. The genome blueprint establishes a foundation for future transcriptomic and functional studies to validate gene expression and regulatory mechanisms under heavy metal and other abiotic stress conditions and supports its potential application in phytoremediation and stress tolerance research.