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<p>A multi-locus DNA barcode reference library was developed for 55 medicinal plant species from the 56 collected in the United Arab Emirates using <i>rbcL</i>, <i>matK</i>, and <i>ITS2</i> markers, generating 397 high-quality sequences from 146 specimens. The <i>rbcL</i> marker showed the highest amplification (82.71%) and sequencing success (94.41%), while <i>ITS2</i> and <i>matK</i> exhibited greater sequence variability with nucleotide diversities of 20.35 and 27.88, respectively. Genetic divergence analyses revealed minimal within-species variation for <i>rbcL</i> (mean 0.03%) and higher divergence within genera and families for <i>matK</i> (mean up to 10.12%) and <i>ITS2</i> (mean up to 22.20%), confirming their complementary resolution across taxonomic levels. Barcode-gap assessments identified persistent delimitation challenges within <i>Zygophyllum</i> and <i>Suaeda</i>, where intra- and interspecific distances overlapped across all three markers. Species delimitation using Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) correctly classified up to 94.9% of specimens with <i>rbcL</i>, while <i>ITS2</i> and <i>matK</i> achieved 82.2–82.6% accuracy. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification substantially improved resolution, achieving 96.82% accuracy for <i>rbcL</i> and 100% for both <i>matK</i> and <i>ITS2</i>. Logical consensus evaluation across marker combinations without sequence concatenation further demonstrated that SVM-based pairwise combinations resolved up to 100% of evaluable species, with <i>rbcL</i>+<i>matK</i>, <i>matK</i>+<i>ITS2</i>, and <i>rbcL</i>+<i>matK</i>+<i>ITS2</i> all achieving perfect resolution, outperforming ASAP-based combinations for identical marker sets. The reference library provides validated DNA barcodes that support molecular identification, herbal-product authentication, biodiversity assessment, and conservation planning, and contributes to the Arabian Barcode of Life initiative.</p>

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An integrative multi-locus DNA barcode library of selected medicinal plants from the United Arab Emirates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月2日

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  • Rahul Jamdade,
  • Mariam Al Jasmi,
  • Mariam Alsallani,
  • Khawla Al Shaer,
  • Eman Al Harthi,
  • Sanjay Gairola,
  • Hatem A. Shabana,
  • Tamer Mahmoud,
  • Kareem A. Mosa,
  • Ali El-Keblawy

摘要

A multi-locus DNA barcode reference library was developed for 55 medicinal plant species from the 56 collected in the United Arab Emirates using rbcL, matK, and ITS2 markers, generating 397 high-quality sequences from 146 specimens. The rbcL marker showed the highest amplification (82.71%) and sequencing success (94.41%), while ITS2 and matK exhibited greater sequence variability with nucleotide diversities of 20.35 and 27.88, respectively. Genetic divergence analyses revealed minimal within-species variation for rbcL (mean 0.03%) and higher divergence within genera and families for matK (mean up to 10.12%) and ITS2 (mean up to 22.20%), confirming their complementary resolution across taxonomic levels. Barcode-gap assessments identified persistent delimitation challenges within Zygophyllum and Suaeda, where intra- and interspecific distances overlapped across all three markers. Species delimitation using Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) correctly classified up to 94.9% of specimens with rbcL, while ITS2 and matK achieved 82.2–82.6% accuracy. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification substantially improved resolution, achieving 96.82% accuracy for rbcL and 100% for both matK and ITS2. Logical consensus evaluation across marker combinations without sequence concatenation further demonstrated that SVM-based pairwise combinations resolved up to 100% of evaluable species, with rbcL+matK, matK+ITS2, and rbcL+matK+ITS2 all achieving perfect resolution, outperforming ASAP-based combinations for identical marker sets. The reference library provides validated DNA barcodes that support molecular identification, herbal-product authentication, biodiversity assessment, and conservation planning, and contributes to the Arabian Barcode of Life initiative.