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<p>The side effects associated with commonly used hypoglycemic drugs have spurred the search for effective plant-based remedies for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. This review aims to summarize and systematize available data on the major classes of plant metabolites with antidiabetic properties, the intracellular mechanisms underlying their action, and plant species showing potential antidiabetic activity. We performed a systematic review of 260 studies identified in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Numerous classes of plant secondary metabolites, including terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, curcuminoids, stilbenes, phenolic acids, and phenylpropanoids, hold great promise for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. These compounds influence multiple metabolic pathways by inhibiting carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes, neutralizing reactive oxygen species, reducing blood glucose and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, increasing intracellular glutathione levels, and protecting pancreatic β-cells from apoptosis. Metabolites with antidiabetic activity can be isolated from plants of various families, such as Asteraceae, Rutaceae, Zingiberaceae, Costaceae, Moraceae, Rosaceae, and Vitaceae. Accordingly, this review proposes candidate plants growing in the Russian Federation (<i>Betula pendula</i>,<i> Quercus</i> spp.,<i> Silybum marianum</i>,<i> Hypericum perforatum</i>,<i> Bidens tripartita</i>,<i> Urtica dioica</i>,<i> Taraxacum officinale</i>) as sources of bioactive compounds for the development of drugs to treat type 2 diabetes. The review emphasizes that, despite the potential of plant metabolites to prevent carbohydrate metabolism disorders, several issues remain unresolved, including low solubility and bioavailability, physiological instability, and the lack of standardized plant raw materials and extracts, which is critical for achieving therapeutic effects. Further large-scale in vivo studies are needed to assess the side effects and potential interactions of plant metabolites with conventional drug components. Plant metabolites have demonstrated hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects for the development of antidiabetic drugs, but achieving sustainable results requires addressing key limitations. This review may be useful for research groups and specialists involved in the development and testing of phytochemical platforms, including those with antidiabetic applications.</p>

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Bioactive plant metabolites with antihyperglycemic properties: prospects for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Ekaterina Romanovskaya,
  • Andrej Frolov,
  • Danil Malkov,
  • Alena Chizhova,
  • Lyubov Dyshlyuk,
  • Svetlana Ivanova,
  • Olga Babich

摘要

The side effects associated with commonly used hypoglycemic drugs have spurred the search for effective plant-based remedies for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. This review aims to summarize and systematize available data on the major classes of plant metabolites with antidiabetic properties, the intracellular mechanisms underlying their action, and plant species showing potential antidiabetic activity. We performed a systematic review of 260 studies identified in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Numerous classes of plant secondary metabolites, including terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, curcuminoids, stilbenes, phenolic acids, and phenylpropanoids, hold great promise for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. These compounds influence multiple metabolic pathways by inhibiting carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes, neutralizing reactive oxygen species, reducing blood glucose and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, increasing intracellular glutathione levels, and protecting pancreatic β-cells from apoptosis. Metabolites with antidiabetic activity can be isolated from plants of various families, such as Asteraceae, Rutaceae, Zingiberaceae, Costaceae, Moraceae, Rosaceae, and Vitaceae. Accordingly, this review proposes candidate plants growing in the Russian Federation (Betula pendula, Quercus spp., Silybum marianum, Hypericum perforatum, Bidens tripartita, Urtica dioica, Taraxacum officinale) as sources of bioactive compounds for the development of drugs to treat type 2 diabetes. The review emphasizes that, despite the potential of plant metabolites to prevent carbohydrate metabolism disorders, several issues remain unresolved, including low solubility and bioavailability, physiological instability, and the lack of standardized plant raw materials and extracts, which is critical for achieving therapeutic effects. Further large-scale in vivo studies are needed to assess the side effects and potential interactions of plant metabolites with conventional drug components. Plant metabolites have demonstrated hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects for the development of antidiabetic drugs, but achieving sustainable results requires addressing key limitations. This review may be useful for research groups and specialists involved in the development and testing of phytochemical platforms, including those with antidiabetic applications.