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<p>Graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO-NPs) were synthesized through a green, phytogenic route using aqueous leaf extract of <i>Monotheca buxifolia</i> as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The formation of GO-NPs was confirmed by characterization showing peaks of Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy at 230&#xa0;nm, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) peak at 3309.3&#xa0;cm⁻¹, zeta potential of -15.5 mV, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) crystallite size of 46.23&#xa0;nm, Raman spectra G-band at 1589&#xa0;cm⁻¹, thermal stability, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revelation of sheet-like morphology, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) size ranges of 43&#xa0;nm. The acquired result displayed an antibacterial assay concentration-dependent inhibition against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacterial strains, with <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> showing the highest inhibition zone (2.16 ± 0.24&#xa0;mm). Assessments of hemolytic and anti-arthritic assays exhibit minimal hemolytic activity (&lt; 5%), indicating good blood compatibility and significant anti-arthritic potential of 69.57% inhibition in the protein denaturation assay, suggesting anti-arthritic potential. In vivo, phytochemical analysis of GO-NPs revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, which enhanced antioxidant activities. Phytotoxicity test showed considerable improvements in seedlings growth confirming bio-stimulatory and low toxicity effects. The findings obtained from GO-NPs possess stable physicochemical properties, hemocompatibility, antibacterial efficacy, and preliminary therapeutic potential across biomedical and environmental applications.</p>

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Green synthesis and biomedical evaluation of graphene oxide nanoparticles using Monotheca buxifolia extract

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Nadeem Ullah,
  • Amjid Khan,
  • Haris Maqbool,
  • Muhammad Ali,
  • Khurram Shahzad Munawar,
  • Ahmed M. Fallatah,
  • Hamza Elsayed Ahmed Mohamed,
  • Khaoula Hkiri,
  • Malik Maaza,
  • Zabta Khan Shinwari

摘要

Graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO-NPs) were synthesized through a green, phytogenic route using aqueous leaf extract of Monotheca buxifolia as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The formation of GO-NPs was confirmed by characterization showing peaks of Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy at 230 nm, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) peak at 3309.3 cm⁻¹, zeta potential of -15.5 mV, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) crystallite size of 46.23 nm, Raman spectra G-band at 1589 cm⁻¹, thermal stability, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revelation of sheet-like morphology, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) size ranges of 43 nm. The acquired result displayed an antibacterial assay concentration-dependent inhibition against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacterial strains, with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showing the highest inhibition zone (2.16 ± 0.24 mm). Assessments of hemolytic and anti-arthritic assays exhibit minimal hemolytic activity (< 5%), indicating good blood compatibility and significant anti-arthritic potential of 69.57% inhibition in the protein denaturation assay, suggesting anti-arthritic potential. In vivo, phytochemical analysis of GO-NPs revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, which enhanced antioxidant activities. Phytotoxicity test showed considerable improvements in seedlings growth confirming bio-stimulatory and low toxicity effects. The findings obtained from GO-NPs possess stable physicochemical properties, hemocompatibility, antibacterial efficacy, and preliminary therapeutic potential across biomedical and environmental applications.