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<p>Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide mainly from brown algal cell walls with antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities. The influence of molecular weight and physicochemical properties on its bioactivity requires systematic evaluation. This study optimized extraction of kelp-derived fucoidan using enzymatic hydrolysis and graded ethanol precipitation, followed by molecular-weight cut-off fractionation to obtain four fractions: F-1 (&lt; 3.5&#xa0;kDa), F-2 (3.5–10&#xa0;kDa), F-3 (10–300&#xa0;kDa), and F-4 (&gt; 300&#xa0;kDa). High-performance liquid chromatography revealed all fractions are heteropolysaccharides composed of mannose, fucose, xylose, rhamnose, and galactose. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed characteristic polysaccharide and sulfate absorption bands. The low-molecular-weight fraction (F-1) demonstrated the strongest antioxidant efficiency in radical scavenging assays. anticancer potential was evaluated using cell viability and colony formation assays on human liver cancer cells (HepG2) and BALB/c 3T3 cells. Results indicated a clear inverse relationship between molecular weight and potency, with F-1 exhibiting the lowest half-maximal inhibitory concentration values. F-1 significantly inhibited HepG2 colony formation and cells transformation. The study confirms that the low-molecular-weight fraction (&lt; 3.5&#xa0;kDa) possesses the strongest in vitro anticancer effects, suggesting that controlled depolymerization is an effective strategy to enhance fucoidan bioactivity.</p>

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Comparison of chemical composition, antioxidant and anticancer activity of different molecular weight fractions of fucoidan extract from Saccharina japonica

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Lei Wang,
  • Yongxuan Liu,
  • Shousen Guo,
  • Chen Zhao,
  • Kunlun Li,
  • Zhijie Qin,
  • Qiulin Yue

摘要

Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide mainly from brown algal cell walls with antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities. The influence of molecular weight and physicochemical properties on its bioactivity requires systematic evaluation. This study optimized extraction of kelp-derived fucoidan using enzymatic hydrolysis and graded ethanol precipitation, followed by molecular-weight cut-off fractionation to obtain four fractions: F-1 (< 3.5 kDa), F-2 (3.5–10 kDa), F-3 (10–300 kDa), and F-4 (> 300 kDa). High-performance liquid chromatography revealed all fractions are heteropolysaccharides composed of mannose, fucose, xylose, rhamnose, and galactose. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed characteristic polysaccharide and sulfate absorption bands. The low-molecular-weight fraction (F-1) demonstrated the strongest antioxidant efficiency in radical scavenging assays. anticancer potential was evaluated using cell viability and colony formation assays on human liver cancer cells (HepG2) and BALB/c 3T3 cells. Results indicated a clear inverse relationship between molecular weight and potency, with F-1 exhibiting the lowest half-maximal inhibitory concentration values. F-1 significantly inhibited HepG2 colony formation and cells transformation. The study confirms that the low-molecular-weight fraction (< 3.5 kDa) possesses the strongest in vitro anticancer effects, suggesting that controlled depolymerization is an effective strategy to enhance fucoidan bioactivity.