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<p>Metallic nanoparticles synthesized from plants have recently attracted significant attention in biomedical research. In this study, highly stable zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were fabricated using the aqueous seed extract of <i>Myristica fragrans</i> (nutmeg) and evaluated for their anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. The biocompatibility and therapeutic safety of the synthesized ZnO NPs were assessed using non-cancerous Vero cells. Adopting green synthesis principles resulted in the formation of highly stable, spherical ZnO nanoparticles ranging from 50 to 120&#xa0;nm in size, capped with phytochemical constituents from <i>M. fragrans</i> and exhibiting high crystallinity. The anticancer potential of the synthesized nanoparticles was investigated in HeLa cervical cancer cells by assessing cell viability (MTT assay), alterations in antioxidant enzyme levels (CAT and SOD), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Additionally, in silico molecular docking was performed to further elucidate the observed anticancer effects. The ZnO NPs demonstrated potent anticancer activity against HeLa cells, as evidenced by reduced cell viability, modulation of antioxidant enzymes, and enhanced ROS production. In silico docking analysis supported these findings, revealing strong binding affinities between key bioactive compounds from the seed extract—macelignan and malabaricone C—and target proteins such as the E6 oncoprotein and the vertebrate RNA-binding domain of telomerase. The synthesized ZnO NPs also exhibited notable antibacterial efficacy, inhibiting the growth of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> at relatively low concentrations. Furthermore, their anti-inflammatory potential was confirmed through protein denaturation inhibition and stabilization of human red blood cell (HRBC) membranes in the HRBC membrane stabilization assay. Importantly, the ZnO NPs showed high biocompatibility, as indicated by the absence of cytotoxic effects on Vero cells.The findings suggest that ZnO nanoparticles synthesized from <i>Myristica fragrans</i> seed extract may serve as multifunctional bioactive agents with promising anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, along with notable biosafety and biocompatibility.</p>

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Multi-functional zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONps inspired from Myristica Fragrans seed extract against cervical Cancer, pyogenic bacteria and inflammatory response. a promising potential of ZnONps in cancer nanotherapy, infection control and inflammation management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月8日

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  • L. F. A. Anand Raj,
  • S. Shreya,
  • G. Rithika,
  • S. Karthick Raja Namasivayam,
  • G. P. Avinash

摘要

Metallic nanoparticles synthesized from plants have recently attracted significant attention in biomedical research. In this study, highly stable zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were fabricated using the aqueous seed extract of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) and evaluated for their anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. The biocompatibility and therapeutic safety of the synthesized ZnO NPs were assessed using non-cancerous Vero cells. Adopting green synthesis principles resulted in the formation of highly stable, spherical ZnO nanoparticles ranging from 50 to 120 nm in size, capped with phytochemical constituents from M. fragrans and exhibiting high crystallinity. The anticancer potential of the synthesized nanoparticles was investigated in HeLa cervical cancer cells by assessing cell viability (MTT assay), alterations in antioxidant enzyme levels (CAT and SOD), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Additionally, in silico molecular docking was performed to further elucidate the observed anticancer effects. The ZnO NPs demonstrated potent anticancer activity against HeLa cells, as evidenced by reduced cell viability, modulation of antioxidant enzymes, and enhanced ROS production. In silico docking analysis supported these findings, revealing strong binding affinities between key bioactive compounds from the seed extract—macelignan and malabaricone C—and target proteins such as the E6 oncoprotein and the vertebrate RNA-binding domain of telomerase. The synthesized ZnO NPs also exhibited notable antibacterial efficacy, inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at relatively low concentrations. Furthermore, their anti-inflammatory potential was confirmed through protein denaturation inhibition and stabilization of human red blood cell (HRBC) membranes in the HRBC membrane stabilization assay. Importantly, the ZnO NPs showed high biocompatibility, as indicated by the absence of cytotoxic effects on Vero cells.The findings suggest that ZnO nanoparticles synthesized from Myristica fragrans seed extract may serve as multifunctional bioactive agents with promising anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, along with notable biosafety and biocompatibility.