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<p>Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is a major threat to global rice production, leading to yield losses of up to 40% despite extensive disease management practices. The persistence of <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzae</i> (Xoo) necessitates an eco-friendly and effective alternative to synthetic pesticides. This study investigates the bio-control potential of various extracts and essential oils (EO) extracted via hydro-distillation from different plant sources (<i>Ocimum tenuiflorum</i><i>, </i><i>Azadirachta indica</i><i>, </i><i>Mentha spicata</i><i>, </i><i>Trachyspermum ammi</i>, and <i>Garcinia mangostana</i>). Among the tested samples, <i>Trachyspermum ammi</i> seed EO (TAEO) exhibited the highest anti-Xoo activity, with an inhibition zone of 4.7&#xa0;cm. It showed a MIC of 2.5&#xa0;µg/mL and significantly reduced biofilm formation and xanthomonadin production by 42.1% and 22.6%, respectively, whilst enhancing scavenging activity by 76.67%, suggesting oxidative stress induction. Furthermore, its GC–MS analysis identified the presence of thymol (60.44%), γ-terpinene (17%), anisole (16.2%), sabinene (2.36%), carene (0.44%), myrcene (0.33%), limonene (0.27%), and terpinen-4-ol (0.26%) as major bioactive components. These compounds were validated through molecular docking with the RpfF gene (key pathogenicity factor), which revealed that thymol showed strong binding affinity (–5.5&#xa0;kcal/mol) with RpfF chain A and had favourable pharmacokinetic properties, supporting its role as a lead candidate for anti-Xoo activity. The bio-control potential of TAEO was further evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in which TAEO-treated Xoo cells proclaimed marked morphological disruption, including reduced cell density, irregular and sunken surfaces, and membrane damage. Thus, this is the first report demonstrating the potent anti-blight activity of TAEO, highlighting its potential as a sustainable plant-derived bio-control agent against Xoo.</p>

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Bioactive compounds from plant sources: profiling and anti-blight efficacy against phytopathogens

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月25日

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  • Adyasha Anapurba Sahoo,
  • Pragnya Paramita Sahoo,
  • Aswinee Kumar Panda,
  • Preeti Pallavi,
  • Sangeeta Raut

摘要

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is a major threat to global rice production, leading to yield losses of up to 40% despite extensive disease management practices. The persistence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) necessitates an eco-friendly and effective alternative to synthetic pesticides. This study investigates the bio-control potential of various extracts and essential oils (EO) extracted via hydro-distillation from different plant sources (Ocimum tenuiflorum, Azadirachta indica, Mentha spicata, Trachyspermum ammi, and Garcinia mangostana). Among the tested samples, Trachyspermum ammi seed EO (TAEO) exhibited the highest anti-Xoo activity, with an inhibition zone of 4.7 cm. It showed a MIC of 2.5 µg/mL and significantly reduced biofilm formation and xanthomonadin production by 42.1% and 22.6%, respectively, whilst enhancing scavenging activity by 76.67%, suggesting oxidative stress induction. Furthermore, its GC–MS analysis identified the presence of thymol (60.44%), γ-terpinene (17%), anisole (16.2%), sabinene (2.36%), carene (0.44%), myrcene (0.33%), limonene (0.27%), and terpinen-4-ol (0.26%) as major bioactive components. These compounds were validated through molecular docking with the RpfF gene (key pathogenicity factor), which revealed that thymol showed strong binding affinity (–5.5 kcal/mol) with RpfF chain A and had favourable pharmacokinetic properties, supporting its role as a lead candidate for anti-Xoo activity. The bio-control potential of TAEO was further evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in which TAEO-treated Xoo cells proclaimed marked morphological disruption, including reduced cell density, irregular and sunken surfaces, and membrane damage. Thus, this is the first report demonstrating the potent anti-blight activity of TAEO, highlighting its potential as a sustainable plant-derived bio-control agent against Xoo.