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<p>The persistent challenge posed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis necessitates innovative approaches to antimicrobial treatment. This study explores the synthesis and characterization of NiZrO₃ nanoparticles integrated with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), using a microwave-assisted green synthesis route, employing fenugreek (<i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i>) seed extract as a gelling agent. The synthesised nanocomposites were systematically analyzed using XRD, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, HR-SEM and HR TEM analysis to assess structural, optical, and morphological properties. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy was evaluated against drug-resistant strains, including <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, by well diffusion method and crystal violet—Microtitre plate (CV-MtP) method. Notably, the NiZrO₃@MWCNT composite exhibited a maximum antibacterial inhibition zone of 13&#xa0;mm and showed superior biofilm inhibition of 92.8% against K. pneumoniae at 500&#xa0;ppm. In contrast, NiZrO₃@GNP demonstrated a biofilm inhibition of 97% at 500&#xa0;ppm. Furthermore, the microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA) was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> (MTS) with NiZrO₃@MWCNT achieving 96% inhibition and at 500&#xa0;ppm. These results confirm the enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of the carbon-integrated nanocomposites over pure NiZrO₃, which showed limited activity. This research underscores the promise of NiZrO₃-based nanocomposites as advanced antimicrobial agents, offering a novel strategy to combat the global health threat of antibiotic resistance.</p>

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Microwave-synthesized NiZrO3@GNP and NiZrO3@MWCNT nanocomposites: enhanced antimicrobial efficacy against biofilms and Mycobacterium smegmatis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月8日

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  • J. John Benitto,
  • J. Judith Vijaya,
  • Thenmozhli Geetha Saravanan,
  • Radhakrishnan Manikkam,
  • Bhavesh H. Budhi

摘要

The persistent challenge posed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis necessitates innovative approaches to antimicrobial treatment. This study explores the synthesis and characterization of NiZrO₃ nanoparticles integrated with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), using a microwave-assisted green synthesis route, employing fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed extract as a gelling agent. The synthesised nanocomposites were systematically analyzed using XRD, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, HR-SEM and HR TEM analysis to assess structural, optical, and morphological properties. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy was evaluated against drug-resistant strains, including Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, by well diffusion method and crystal violet—Microtitre plate (CV-MtP) method. Notably, the NiZrO₃@MWCNT composite exhibited a maximum antibacterial inhibition zone of 13 mm and showed superior biofilm inhibition of 92.8% against K. pneumoniae at 500 ppm. In contrast, NiZrO₃@GNP demonstrated a biofilm inhibition of 97% at 500 ppm. Furthermore, the microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA) was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Mycobacterium smegmatis (MTS) with NiZrO₃@MWCNT achieving 96% inhibition and at 500 ppm. These results confirm the enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of the carbon-integrated nanocomposites over pure NiZrO₃, which showed limited activity. This research underscores the promise of NiZrO₃-based nanocomposites as advanced antimicrobial agents, offering a novel strategy to combat the global health threat of antibiotic resistance.