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<p>Investigation on thermal performance of nanofluid flat-plate solar collector in the severe hot climate. The investigation for experimentally test and numerical modeling is done with Baghdad, Iraq as a representative case. Three working fluids at 1 vol. % were investigated experimentally: Al₂O₃–water (NF1), Y₂O₃–water (NF2) and hybrid Al₂O₃/Y₂O₃–water (NF3). Collector performance was greatly enhanced using nanofluids over water. Under the same conditions, a + 1.2&#xa0;°C, + 3&#xa0;°C and + 4&#xa0;°C raise in outlet temperature (with respect to water) was achieved for NF1, NF2 and NF3, respectively that were related to the improved effective thermal conductivity and heat transfer. The thermal efficiency was also the best for nanofluids in morning to noon time, about 0.50–0.762 which shows ~ 27% improvement in useful heat gain compared to water. A steady-state Hottel–Whillier-based MATLAB/Simulink model was built based on actual hourly NASA POWER climatic data, describing extreme summer conditions (GHI ≈ 1000 W/m2, outside ambient temperature &gt; 42&#xa0;°C). A good agreement was observed between the experimental and simulation data, with a maximum difference of less than 6.5%. Furthermore, stability tests verified this durability, with hybrid nanofluid presenting the highest stability for one month. All the results indicate that the hybrid nanofluids can provide much better solar collector performance in severe hot-climate operation.</p>

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Experimental and numerical simulation of smart nanofluid-enhanced solar thermal systems for energy-efficient and hot climate building

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Tareq H. Abed,
  • Taisir A. Yaseen,
  • Afrah Turki Awad

摘要

Investigation on thermal performance of nanofluid flat-plate solar collector in the severe hot climate. The investigation for experimentally test and numerical modeling is done with Baghdad, Iraq as a representative case. Three working fluids at 1 vol. % were investigated experimentally: Al₂O₃–water (NF1), Y₂O₃–water (NF2) and hybrid Al₂O₃/Y₂O₃–water (NF3). Collector performance was greatly enhanced using nanofluids over water. Under the same conditions, a + 1.2 °C, + 3 °C and + 4 °C raise in outlet temperature (with respect to water) was achieved for NF1, NF2 and NF3, respectively that were related to the improved effective thermal conductivity and heat transfer. The thermal efficiency was also the best for nanofluids in morning to noon time, about 0.50–0.762 which shows ~ 27% improvement in useful heat gain compared to water. A steady-state Hottel–Whillier-based MATLAB/Simulink model was built based on actual hourly NASA POWER climatic data, describing extreme summer conditions (GHI ≈ 1000 W/m2, outside ambient temperature > 42 °C). A good agreement was observed between the experimental and simulation data, with a maximum difference of less than 6.5%. Furthermore, stability tests verified this durability, with hybrid nanofluid presenting the highest stability for one month. All the results indicate that the hybrid nanofluids can provide much better solar collector performance in severe hot-climate operation.