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<p>Present investigation presents a synergistic approach that involved green synthesis and pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) in order to accomplish ultra-pure and stable copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) with improved biological prospect. Two methods were used in the synthesis of CuO nanoparticles; (i) PLAL method at wavelengths of light in deionized water, and (ii) PLAL technique using <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> extract as it contains phytochemicals which has potential as a capping and stabilizing agents.</p><p><?noindent??>The structural and morphological characterizations of the synthesized CuO crystalline nanomaterials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), which revealed the formation of the nanosized CuO with both methods. However, there was a significant difference in the particle size and distribution. Plant extract-free CuO NPs had an average size of 23.0±18.9 nm and a broad range of sizes. On the other hand, nanobeads with a smaller and more uniform size were obtained in green-assisted PLAL, and by taking the average as 16.6±10.5 nm of diameter. This size decrease and better uniformity indicate that phytochemicals play a regulatory function in nucleation and prevent extensive growth of particles.</p><p><?noindent??>EDS (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) further verified the elemental components of these samples. Although Cu and O were the main elements in extract-free PLAL samples, green-synthesized NPs had extra biological components from plant extracts, which proved the bio-based capping layer at surface of particles.</p><p><?noindent??>Antimicrobial screening indicates noticeable differences in antibacterial activity. The CuO NPs produced without extract showed a zone of inhibition diameter of 12.3±0.6 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. While those formed by green were bearing inhibition zone each equal of 9.3±0.6 mm and 9.0±1.0 mm, respectively. The green synthesized nanoparticles also exhibited significant antibacterial activity at a concentration slightly below that of chemical agents, apparently due to the surface immobilization of phytochemicals and altered physico-chemical properties.</p><p><?noindent??>In conclusion, the study demonstrates the promising prospects of integrating PLAL with plant-based extracts towards sustainable development of bioactive NPs. This dual-method strategy not only provides precise control over nanoparticle size, stability, and surface chemistry, but also can lessen the dependence on chemical reagents. This green synthetic route holds strong potential for the preparation of CuO-based materials in antimicrobial and other biological applications.</p>

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Green-assisted pulsed laser ablation for the sustainable synthesis of CUO nanoparticles with antibacterial properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月18日

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  • Fadia Jabbar Alwan,
  • Neean F. Majeed,
  • Zainab Fakhri Merzah,
  • Nisreen Kh. Abdalameer

摘要

Present investigation presents a synergistic approach that involved green synthesis and pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) in order to accomplish ultra-pure and stable copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) with improved biological prospect. Two methods were used in the synthesis of CuO nanoparticles; (i) PLAL method at wavelengths of light in deionized water, and (ii) PLAL technique using Hibiscus sabdariffa extract as it contains phytochemicals which has potential as a capping and stabilizing agents.

The structural and morphological characterizations of the synthesized CuO crystalline nanomaterials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), which revealed the formation of the nanosized CuO with both methods. However, there was a significant difference in the particle size and distribution. Plant extract-free CuO NPs had an average size of 23.0±18.9 nm and a broad range of sizes. On the other hand, nanobeads with a smaller and more uniform size were obtained in green-assisted PLAL, and by taking the average as 16.6±10.5 nm of diameter. This size decrease and better uniformity indicate that phytochemicals play a regulatory function in nucleation and prevent extensive growth of particles.

EDS (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) further verified the elemental components of these samples. Although Cu and O were the main elements in extract-free PLAL samples, green-synthesized NPs had extra biological components from plant extracts, which proved the bio-based capping layer at surface of particles.

Antimicrobial screening indicates noticeable differences in antibacterial activity. The CuO NPs produced without extract showed a zone of inhibition diameter of 12.3±0.6 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. While those formed by green were bearing inhibition zone each equal of 9.3±0.6 mm and 9.0±1.0 mm, respectively. The green synthesized nanoparticles also exhibited significant antibacterial activity at a concentration slightly below that of chemical agents, apparently due to the surface immobilization of phytochemicals and altered physico-chemical properties.

In conclusion, the study demonstrates the promising prospects of integrating PLAL with plant-based extracts towards sustainable development of bioactive NPs. This dual-method strategy not only provides precise control over nanoparticle size, stability, and surface chemistry, but also can lessen the dependence on chemical reagents. This green synthetic route holds strong potential for the preparation of CuO-based materials in antimicrobial and other biological applications.