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<p>Fast-track advancements in wearable devices are being driven by the growing demand for real-time monitoring of human activities and health metrics. In this work, a flexible piezoresistive sensor based on carbon nanotube-infused three-dimensional porous PDMS sponges is presented, fabricated using a scalable and robust method. This study distinguishes itself from previous CNT-based sponge research by systematically optimizing CNT content to enhance sensor sensitivity under various strain levels and also using the combination of porogens with different pore sizes for fabrication of the sponges. Detailed characterization of the composite structures was performed using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The optimized sponge demonstrates improved gauge factor values of ~ 8, even at a low concentration of 0.25% CNTs, outperforming those reported in the literature for such a minimal concentration. The sensor exhibits an excellent response/recovery time of 0.12&#xa0;s/0.17&#xa0;s, respectively. The optimized CNT–PDMS sponge, configured with defined dimensions and stable electrical contacts, exhibited reliable and reproducible electromechanical responses during real-time tracking of both vigorous and subtle motions, confirming its suitability for advanced wearable sensing applications.</p>

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Piezoresistive CNT-infused 3D sponge sensor for wearable real-time motion tracking

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Indu Elizabeth,
  • C. Athira,
  • Harish C. Barshilia

摘要

Fast-track advancements in wearable devices are being driven by the growing demand for real-time monitoring of human activities and health metrics. In this work, a flexible piezoresistive sensor based on carbon nanotube-infused three-dimensional porous PDMS sponges is presented, fabricated using a scalable and robust method. This study distinguishes itself from previous CNT-based sponge research by systematically optimizing CNT content to enhance sensor sensitivity under various strain levels and also using the combination of porogens with different pore sizes for fabrication of the sponges. Detailed characterization of the composite structures was performed using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The optimized sponge demonstrates improved gauge factor values of ~ 8, even at a low concentration of 0.25% CNTs, outperforming those reported in the literature for such a minimal concentration. The sensor exhibits an excellent response/recovery time of 0.12 s/0.17 s, respectively. The optimized CNT–PDMS sponge, configured with defined dimensions and stable electrical contacts, exhibited reliable and reproducible electromechanical responses during real-time tracking of both vigorous and subtle motions, confirming its suitability for advanced wearable sensing applications.