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<p>This experimental study examines the characterization and efficacy of modified Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), enhanced using a low-level continuous-mode laser at a wavelength of 405&#xa0;nm, for the control of worker and soldier castes of the termite species <i>Macrotermes malaccensis</i> (Holmgren). The ZnO NP samples were divided into three treatment groups: un-irradiated, 15-min irradiated, and 30-min irradiated. Laser irradiation was conducted using a 405&#xa0;nm diode laser (THS-1220, China) at a power output of 500 mW, with a beam spot size of 4.0&#xa0;mm and a fixed distance of 10&#xa0;cm from the sample surface. Termites were exposed to serial dilutions of the ZnO NP treatments. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in mortality rates among the treatment groups (F<sub>(6,36)</sub> = 4.75, <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p&lt;\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 0.05). Notably, the 30-min irradiated ZnO NPs at a concentration of 1&#xa0;mg/mL resulted in 100% mortality within 36&#xa0;h. While both irradiated treatments demonstrated significantly higher efficacy than the control, there was no significant difference in mortality rates between the 15- and 30-min irradiated groups. These findings suggest that laser modified ZnO nanoparticles, when used at the appropriate wavelength and power, offer a promising and effective approach for termite control.</p>

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Modified Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for termites’ control

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月7日

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  • Sylvester Jande Gemanam,
  • Stephanie Avar-Tsue,
  • Nursakinah Suardi,
  • Barnabas Achakpa Ikyo,
  • Damilola Samson Oluwafemi

摘要

This experimental study examines the characterization and efficacy of modified Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), enhanced using a low-level continuous-mode laser at a wavelength of 405 nm, for the control of worker and soldier castes of the termite species Macrotermes malaccensis (Holmgren). The ZnO NP samples were divided into three treatment groups: un-irradiated, 15-min irradiated, and 30-min irradiated. Laser irradiation was conducted using a 405 nm diode laser (THS-1220, China) at a power output of 500 mW, with a beam spot size of 4.0 mm and a fixed distance of 10 cm from the sample surface. Termites were exposed to serial dilutions of the ZnO NP treatments. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in mortality rates among the treatment groups (F(6,36) = 4.75, \(p<\) 0.05). Notably, the 30-min irradiated ZnO NPs at a concentration of 1 mg/mL resulted in 100% mortality within 36 h. While both irradiated treatments demonstrated significantly higher efficacy than the control, there was no significant difference in mortality rates between the 15- and 30-min irradiated groups. These findings suggest that laser modified ZnO nanoparticles, when used at the appropriate wavelength and power, offer a promising and effective approach for termite control.