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<p>In this study, an integrated spatial framework approach has been developed by combining GIS-based Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), the DRASTIC model, SCS-Curve Number-based runoff estimation with field-based measurements to delineate optimal (highly suitable) recharge zones in a semi-arid drought prone basaltic aquifers of the Godavari River Basin (GRB), Western India, for sustainable groundwater development. A total number of twenty-three variables across five categories (hydrological, morphological, soil, land cover and social parameters) were spatially downscaled for rainfall and resampled for remaining variables at a grid resolution of 1 × 1&#xa0;km for demarcation of the Groundwater Potential (GWP) and Groundwater Vulnerable (GWV) zones using the Fuzzy AHP (a GIS-based MCDA) and the DRASTIC model, respectively. The accuracy of the generated GWP and GWV maps was validated using ROC curves. Further, the runoff potentiality in 70 sub-basins was evaluated using the SCS-CN method. A composite groundwater development suitability map, prioritising zones with high availability, low vulnerability, and high recharge likelihood, was prepared by overlaying the GWPZ, GWVZ, and runoff potential maps. Only 3.6% (~ 2036 km<sup>2</sup>) of the total catchment area of which 70% is in the drought-prone districts is found to be highly suitable for groundwater development. The accuracy of the highly suitable recharge sites (<i>n</i> = 7) was also validated through field-based infiltration tests and visual inspections. It mainly covers north-eastern, central and south-eastern part of the basin where groundwater flow lines have generally converged. The integrated framework not only enhances the spatial precision but also enables risk-informed groundwater planning in the GRB, thereby making a direct contribution to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 and 6.</p>

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Field-integrated spatial framework to guide groundwater development in semi-arid hard rock terrain for water management

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Kunal Karan,
  • Dharmaveer Singh,
  • Jacob Noble,
  • Amzad Hussain Laskar,
  • Nikhil Kumar,
  • John P. Wilson

摘要

In this study, an integrated spatial framework approach has been developed by combining GIS-based Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), the DRASTIC model, SCS-Curve Number-based runoff estimation with field-based measurements to delineate optimal (highly suitable) recharge zones in a semi-arid drought prone basaltic aquifers of the Godavari River Basin (GRB), Western India, for sustainable groundwater development. A total number of twenty-three variables across five categories (hydrological, morphological, soil, land cover and social parameters) were spatially downscaled for rainfall and resampled for remaining variables at a grid resolution of 1 × 1 km for demarcation of the Groundwater Potential (GWP) and Groundwater Vulnerable (GWV) zones using the Fuzzy AHP (a GIS-based MCDA) and the DRASTIC model, respectively. The accuracy of the generated GWP and GWV maps was validated using ROC curves. Further, the runoff potentiality in 70 sub-basins was evaluated using the SCS-CN method. A composite groundwater development suitability map, prioritising zones with high availability, low vulnerability, and high recharge likelihood, was prepared by overlaying the GWPZ, GWVZ, and runoff potential maps. Only 3.6% (~ 2036 km2) of the total catchment area of which 70% is in the drought-prone districts is found to be highly suitable for groundwater development. The accuracy of the highly suitable recharge sites (n = 7) was also validated through field-based infiltration tests and visual inspections. It mainly covers north-eastern, central and south-eastern part of the basin where groundwater flow lines have generally converged. The integrated framework not only enhances the spatial precision but also enables risk-informed groundwater planning in the GRB, thereby making a direct contribution to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 and 6.