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<p>Safe and energy-efficient alternatives to chemical disinfection are urgently needed to address the environmental and health risks associated with chlorination and its by-products. This study demonstrates the effective inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water and wastewater using strong electric fields and microsecond pulsed discharges. A 50&#xa0;kV pulse system with an asymmetrical pin-to-plane reactor was developed, incorporating a mobile fluoroplastic nozzle on the energized electrode to expand the ionization and discharge zone. Experiments operated in a soft spark-discharge mode (~ 20&#xa0;kV, 1 µF). Substantial microbial reductions were achieved: in wastewater, total coliforms decreased from 3.7 × 10<sup>7</sup> to 7.2 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU per 100 mL and fecal coliforms from 2.6 × 10<sup>7</sup> to 1.53 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU per 100 mL; in drinking water, <i>Escherichia coli</i> was fully eliminated and total microbial load declined from 146 to 15 CFU mL<sup>−1</sup>. These outcomes correspond to &gt; 2 log<sub>10</sub> reduction in wastewater and complete pathogen removal in drinking water. Equivalent-circuit analysis revealed higher per-pulse energy transfer in wastewater (≈ 1.88&#xa0;J) than in drinking water (≈ 2.10&#xa0;J), attributed to differences in electrical resistance and capacitance. Microbial inactivation arises from synergistic physical, chemical, and mechanical processes generated during pulsed discharge. The results highlight high-voltage pulsed discharge as a promising, chemical-free, and environmentally responsible alternative to chlorination for water treatment.</p>

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Green electrical disinfection of water

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Elchin Gurbanov,
  • Farida Gasimova,
  • Khanim Rustamova,
  • Elchin Aliyev,
  • Shaikha Alshebli,
  • Maitha Alshamsi,
  • Mahmoud Al Ahmad

摘要

Safe and energy-efficient alternatives to chemical disinfection are urgently needed to address the environmental and health risks associated with chlorination and its by-products. This study demonstrates the effective inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water and wastewater using strong electric fields and microsecond pulsed discharges. A 50 kV pulse system with an asymmetrical pin-to-plane reactor was developed, incorporating a mobile fluoroplastic nozzle on the energized electrode to expand the ionization and discharge zone. Experiments operated in a soft spark-discharge mode (~ 20 kV, 1 µF). Substantial microbial reductions were achieved: in wastewater, total coliforms decreased from 3.7 × 107 to 7.2 × 104 CFU per 100 mL and fecal coliforms from 2.6 × 107 to 1.53 × 105 CFU per 100 mL; in drinking water, Escherichia coli was fully eliminated and total microbial load declined from 146 to 15 CFU mL−1. These outcomes correspond to > 2 log10 reduction in wastewater and complete pathogen removal in drinking water. Equivalent-circuit analysis revealed higher per-pulse energy transfer in wastewater (≈ 1.88 J) than in drinking water (≈ 2.10 J), attributed to differences in electrical resistance and capacitance. Microbial inactivation arises from synergistic physical, chemical, and mechanical processes generated during pulsed discharge. The results highlight high-voltage pulsed discharge as a promising, chemical-free, and environmentally responsible alternative to chlorination for water treatment.