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<p>The present study focuses on assessment of drought risk affecting human activities in the command area of a Himalayan River Project, namely, the Gandak River Project in northern India using extensive geospatial techniques and climatic data-based drought indices. A 100-year dataset for precipitation and temperature was analyzed to characterize meteorological droughts. Major patterns in sub-regions that were once referred to as drought-prone zones were studied with the help of a pattern recognition method. Droughts were mostly caused by low rainfall, which, in turn, led to a decrease in agricultural output. This study also highlights the importance of evaluating drought risk through the use of geospatial tools to establish a meaningful connection with metrological drought events. The Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI), a vegetation index used in drought assessment studies, was based on NDVI values derived from satellite images over time. Furthermore, Rain-based Drought Indices Tool (RDIT)-based indices were analyzed using IMD method, SPI method, and Drought Indices method using Meteorological Drought Monitor (MDM) software. An attempt has been made to identify and extract drought risk areas encountering agricultural and meteorological droughts using the NDVI obtained from the LANDSAT images and rainfall data. The NDVI images were used to examine large-scale drought patterns, and their climatic impact on vegetation. NDVI values reflected the different geographical conditions quite well. The NDVI and rainfall values were found to be highly correlated. It is concluded that temporal variations of NDVI are convincingly associated with precipitation in the study area.</p>

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Drought risk assessment using geospatial technique-based NDVI with rain-based drought indices: a case study of Gandak river command in India

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • L. B. Roy,
  • M. P. Akhtar,
  • Shweta Kodihal,
  • Md Tanzil Alam

摘要

The present study focuses on assessment of drought risk affecting human activities in the command area of a Himalayan River Project, namely, the Gandak River Project in northern India using extensive geospatial techniques and climatic data-based drought indices. A 100-year dataset for precipitation and temperature was analyzed to characterize meteorological droughts. Major patterns in sub-regions that were once referred to as drought-prone zones were studied with the help of a pattern recognition method. Droughts were mostly caused by low rainfall, which, in turn, led to a decrease in agricultural output. This study also highlights the importance of evaluating drought risk through the use of geospatial tools to establish a meaningful connection with metrological drought events. The Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI), a vegetation index used in drought assessment studies, was based on NDVI values derived from satellite images over time. Furthermore, Rain-based Drought Indices Tool (RDIT)-based indices were analyzed using IMD method, SPI method, and Drought Indices method using Meteorological Drought Monitor (MDM) software. An attempt has been made to identify and extract drought risk areas encountering agricultural and meteorological droughts using the NDVI obtained from the LANDSAT images and rainfall data. The NDVI images were used to examine large-scale drought patterns, and their climatic impact on vegetation. NDVI values reflected the different geographical conditions quite well. The NDVI and rainfall values were found to be highly correlated. It is concluded that temporal variations of NDVI are convincingly associated with precipitation in the study area.