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<p><i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> is a rare medicinal fungal complex formed by the parasitism of the <i>Hirsutella sinensis</i> on the larvae of the <i>Hepialidae</i> family. Driven by climate warming and over-harvesting, wild resources have declined sharply, making artificial cultivation an inevitable trend. Strain infectivity is the key factor determining the formation efficiency and success rate of artificial cultivation, encompassing the entire process of spore attachment and germination, cuticle penetration, hemocoel colonization, immune evasion, chronic infection, and stroma formation. Focusing on infectivity, this article systematically integrates regulatory factors such as fungal genetic background, host specificity, environmental adaptation, and inoculation techniques to establish the link between “infectivity―host compatibility―ecological adaptation―cultivation success rate.” Future efforts should focus on developing genetic manipulation systems suitable for <i>O. sinensis</i>, combining temporal multi-omics and host microbiome analysis to gain in-depth insights into the unique chronic parasitic symbiotic mechanism between the fungus and its host, thereby promoting efficient artificial cultivation and sustainable resource utilization.</p>

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Regulation of strain infectivity in Ophiocordyceps sinensis: insights into fungal-insect symbiosis and artificial cultivation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Tianle Liu,
  • Lijuan Wu,
  • Xinyi Zhao,
  • Jun Tao,
  • Yujie Qiu,
  • Rui Li,
  • Yongjun Zheng,
  • Liang Liu,
  • Mengliang Tian

摘要

Ophiocordyceps sinensis is a rare medicinal fungal complex formed by the parasitism of the Hirsutella sinensis on the larvae of the Hepialidae family. Driven by climate warming and over-harvesting, wild resources have declined sharply, making artificial cultivation an inevitable trend. Strain infectivity is the key factor determining the formation efficiency and success rate of artificial cultivation, encompassing the entire process of spore attachment and germination, cuticle penetration, hemocoel colonization, immune evasion, chronic infection, and stroma formation. Focusing on infectivity, this article systematically integrates regulatory factors such as fungal genetic background, host specificity, environmental adaptation, and inoculation techniques to establish the link between “infectivity―host compatibility―ecological adaptation―cultivation success rate.” Future efforts should focus on developing genetic manipulation systems suitable for O. sinensis, combining temporal multi-omics and host microbiome analysis to gain in-depth insights into the unique chronic parasitic symbiotic mechanism between the fungus and its host, thereby promoting efficient artificial cultivation and sustainable resource utilization.