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<p>Endophytic microbial communities are integral to plant phenotypes and environmental adaptability. Cycads, the only gymnosperms known to harbor nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in their coralloid roots, which are vital for their growth and survival. However, the impact of habitat variation, such as differences between cultivated and natural environments, on these microbial communities remains unclear. This study employed amplicon sequencing to evaluate the diversity, abundance, and community composition of endophytic bacteria and fungi in the coralloid roots of <i>Cycas diannanensis</i> from both cultivated and wild habitats. Our results revealed both commonalities and distinctions in the microbial communities of different habitats. Bacterial communities, dominated by nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (Nostocaceae), showed no significant differences in diversity or composition between wild and cultivated plants. In contrast, fungal communities, primarily composed of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, exhibited significant differences in diversity and composition, with wild populations having higher diversity (e.g., greater Shannon index) and more complex community structures. Despite these differences, core fungal genera (<i>Exophiala</i>, <i>Talaromyces</i>, <i>Fusarium</i>) were shared between habitats. These findings underscore the importance of conserving wild cycad populations and enhance our understanding of plant–microbe co-adaptation and cycad microbiota, offering insights for conservation strategies.</p>

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Wild populations possess higher endophytic fungal diversity and structural complexity than ex-situ plants in coralloid roots of a cycad in Southwest China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月1日

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  • Zhaochun Wang,
  • Xiuyan Feng,
  • Yiqing Wang,
  • Zhiwei Zhao,
  • Bingyan Chen,
  • Jian Liu,
  • Xun Gong

摘要

Endophytic microbial communities are integral to plant phenotypes and environmental adaptability. Cycads, the only gymnosperms known to harbor nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in their coralloid roots, which are vital for their growth and survival. However, the impact of habitat variation, such as differences between cultivated and natural environments, on these microbial communities remains unclear. This study employed amplicon sequencing to evaluate the diversity, abundance, and community composition of endophytic bacteria and fungi in the coralloid roots of Cycas diannanensis from both cultivated and wild habitats. Our results revealed both commonalities and distinctions in the microbial communities of different habitats. Bacterial communities, dominated by nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (Nostocaceae), showed no significant differences in diversity or composition between wild and cultivated plants. In contrast, fungal communities, primarily composed of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, exhibited significant differences in diversity and composition, with wild populations having higher diversity (e.g., greater Shannon index) and more complex community structures. Despite these differences, core fungal genera (Exophiala, Talaromyces, Fusarium) were shared between habitats. These findings underscore the importance of conserving wild cycad populations and enhance our understanding of plant–microbe co-adaptation and cycad microbiota, offering insights for conservation strategies.