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<p>Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils poses a severe threat to food security and ecosystem health. Plant-associated microbiomes are emerging as powerful tools for mitigating heavy metal stress and promoting sustainable crop production. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms, applications, and future perspectives of microbiome-mediated heavy metal stress mitigation in plants. Microbes employ diverse strategies, including biosorption, bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and chelation, to immobilize and detoxify metals in the rhizosphere. They also enhance plant tolerance by modulating phytohormone signaling, inducing systemic resistance, and regulating antioxidant defenses. The composition and function of these protective microbiomes are shaped by complex interactions among soil properties, plant genotypes, environmental factors, and agricultural practices. Advances in multi-omics technologies, such as metagenomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, are providing unprecedented insights into the molecular basis of plant-microbiome-metal interactions. Microbiome applications span biofertilizers, phytoremediation, and food safety interventions, with successful field trials demonstrating their potential for sustainable agriculture. Emerging trends, including synthetic biology, AI-guided microbiome design, and integration with nanotechnology, are expected to revolutionize the precision and scalability of microbial solutions. However, challenges remain in ensuring the survival and functional expression of microbial inoculants under field conditions, addressing ecological safety concerns, and developing regulatory frameworks. Future research should focus on harnessing epigenetic priming, designing climate-resilient microbial consortia, and integrating microbiome data into predictive models for site-specific remediation. By aligning scientific advances with sustainable agriculture policies, microbiome-based solutions can play a pivotal role in restoring contaminated agroecosystems and ensuring global food security in the face of increasing environmental challenges.</p>

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Decoding the Plant-Microbiome Dialogue under Heavy Metal Stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Om Prafull Sontakke,
  • Tejas Raviraj Salunke,
  • Kishor Suresh Bhosale,
  • Prasad Anil Kenjale,
  • Mahendra Laxman Ahire,
  • Ganesh Deepak Mankar

摘要

Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils poses a severe threat to food security and ecosystem health. Plant-associated microbiomes are emerging as powerful tools for mitigating heavy metal stress and promoting sustainable crop production. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms, applications, and future perspectives of microbiome-mediated heavy metal stress mitigation in plants. Microbes employ diverse strategies, including biosorption, bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and chelation, to immobilize and detoxify metals in the rhizosphere. They also enhance plant tolerance by modulating phytohormone signaling, inducing systemic resistance, and regulating antioxidant defenses. The composition and function of these protective microbiomes are shaped by complex interactions among soil properties, plant genotypes, environmental factors, and agricultural practices. Advances in multi-omics technologies, such as metagenomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, are providing unprecedented insights into the molecular basis of plant-microbiome-metal interactions. Microbiome applications span biofertilizers, phytoremediation, and food safety interventions, with successful field trials demonstrating their potential for sustainable agriculture. Emerging trends, including synthetic biology, AI-guided microbiome design, and integration with nanotechnology, are expected to revolutionize the precision and scalability of microbial solutions. However, challenges remain in ensuring the survival and functional expression of microbial inoculants under field conditions, addressing ecological safety concerns, and developing regulatory frameworks. Future research should focus on harnessing epigenetic priming, designing climate-resilient microbial consortia, and integrating microbiome data into predictive models for site-specific remediation. By aligning scientific advances with sustainable agriculture policies, microbiome-based solutions can play a pivotal role in restoring contaminated agroecosystems and ensuring global food security in the face of increasing environmental challenges.