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<p>The intricate relationship between plants and their associated endophytic microbes has been extensively studied to enhance plant growth and health. We investigated the priming effects of endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial strains of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>, <i>B. pumilus</i>, <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i> in cowpea when challenged by <i>Spodoptera litura</i> feeding. The results demonstrated that plants primed with <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i> exhibited enhanced and sustained production of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and defense metabolites (polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and total phenols) in response to insect feeding across all time intervals. Furthermore, the lowest relative growth rate of 0.46&#xa0;mg/day for second and 0.42&#xa0;mg/day for fourth instar larvae were recorded on <i>B. subtilis</i> primed plants, followed closely by <i>B. velezensis</i> treatments. Similarly, the highest antifeedant activity (79.30% for second instar and 75.76% for fourth instar) against <i>S. litura</i> was observed in <i>B. subtilis</i> treatments. Priming with all the bacterial agents improved the dry weight of cowpea plants compared to the control, in the absence of insect infestation. However, when insects were allowed to feed on the plants, only <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i> primed plants exhibited significantly higher dry weight compared to all other treatments. The findings of our study underscore the potential of <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i> in reducing <i>S. litura</i> fitness on cowpea by enhancing plant defense while promoting plant growth, positioning them as promising candidates for sustainable pest management strategies in agriculture.</p>

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Harnessing endophytic allies: Defense priming in Vigna unguiculata (L) walp. against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) by bacterial endophytes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月14日

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  • B. Rajeshwaran,
  • M. H. Faizal,
  • M. Themuhi,
  • K. N. Anith

摘要

The intricate relationship between plants and their associated endophytic microbes has been extensively studied to enhance plant growth and health. We investigated the priming effects of endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. pumilus, B. subtilis and B. velezensis in cowpea when challenged by Spodoptera litura feeding. The results demonstrated that plants primed with B. subtilis and B. velezensis exhibited enhanced and sustained production of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and defense metabolites (polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and total phenols) in response to insect feeding across all time intervals. Furthermore, the lowest relative growth rate of 0.46 mg/day for second and 0.42 mg/day for fourth instar larvae were recorded on B. subtilis primed plants, followed closely by B. velezensis treatments. Similarly, the highest antifeedant activity (79.30% for second instar and 75.76% for fourth instar) against S. litura was observed in B. subtilis treatments. Priming with all the bacterial agents improved the dry weight of cowpea plants compared to the control, in the absence of insect infestation. However, when insects were allowed to feed on the plants, only B. subtilis and B. velezensis primed plants exhibited significantly higher dry weight compared to all other treatments. The findings of our study underscore the potential of B. subtilis and B. velezensis in reducing S. litura fitness on cowpea by enhancing plant defense while promoting plant growth, positioning them as promising candidates for sustainable pest management strategies in agriculture.