<p>With the acceleration of global industrialization, energy consumption has risen sharply. In particular, the extensive use of fossil fuels has led to severe environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The wide application of cloud computing technology has brought new opportunities for economic development. However, the data storage and processing methods in the cloud computing environment pose higher security risks to data. The research collected macroeconomic data, energy consumption data and relevant policy text data, and used machine learning algorithms for data cleaning and preprocessing to extract features related to cloud computing network security and the sustainability of environmental thermal energy. By constructing a predictive model, the impact of different macroeconomic policies on cloud computing network security and the sustainability of environmental thermal energy is evaluated. Empirical analysis methods are adopted, policy cases are selected, and the changes before and after policy implementation are compared to verify the accuracy and reliability of the model. Empirical analysis shows that macroeconomic policies, such as financial subsidies for the research and development of cloud computing security technologies, security certification policies for cloud service providers, and tax incentives, have significant effects on promoting the security of cloud computing networks and the sustainable utilization of environmental thermal energy. The fiscal subsidy policy has effectively reduced the cost of cloud computing security technology research and development and stimulated related investment. The security certification policy regulates the security management of cloud service providers, enhancing the reliability and security of services. The comparison between the model’s prediction results and the actual data verified the accuracy and reliability of the model, providing a strong scientific basis for policy-making. By strengthening the research and application of cloud computing network security technologies and enhancing the level of data security, the effective implementation of macroeconomic policies can be guaranteed, and strong support can also be provided for achieving sustainable economic, social and environmental development.</p>