<p>As manufacturing moves towards automation and intelligence, optimization of energy efficiency has become a key factor in increasing productivity and reducing operating costs. This paper explores the application of wireless sensor networks (WSN) in manufacturing automation systems, focusing on how to optimize energy consumption through efficient data collection and real-time monitoring. In order to achieve this goal, this paper first analyzes the architecture of wireless sensor network in manufacturing environment, and adopts sensor technology and data transmission protocol to ensure the real-time and reliability of data. Then, a set of simulation system based on WSN is designed to obtain the energy consumption data of different production stages through experiments, and the algorithm is applied to analyze it to identify the main links of energy waste. The results show that by implementing the energy monitoring system based on WSN, the energy consumption in the manufacturing automation process is significantly reduced, and the optimized scheduling strategy and fault warning mechanism significantly improve the operating efficiency and reliability of the equipment. Therefore, the energy efficiency optimization scheme based on wireless sensor networks shows a good application prospect in manufacturing automation systems, which not only provides an effective way to reduce energy consumption, but also lays a foundation for achieving sustainable development goals.</p>