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<p>This analysis explores the complexities of routing protocols across various wireless network types, including Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs). It begins by providing an overview of wireless communication networks, addressing their key features, functions, and limitations. The paper then focuses on the routing protocols used in MANETs, explaining their operational principles. It also highlights energy-efficient algorithms, such as BECA, AFECA, ASCENT, and CCP, and their role in reducing energy consumption within these networks. The analysis continues with a review of routing protocols in WSNs, categorizing them into flat, location-based, and hierarchical approaches. Each category is examined in terms of its strengths and weaknesses, offering a comprehensive view of their functionalities and limitations. The paper concludes with an evaluation of protocols in DTNs, providing a comparative analysis of their advantages and disadvantages, accompanied by a table that summarizes the protocols for a clearer understanding of their applications in DTN environments.</p>

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Survey on protocols in MANETs, WSNs and DTNs

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月2日

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  • Idris Afzal Shah,
  • Mushtaq Ahmed

摘要

This analysis explores the complexities of routing protocols across various wireless network types, including Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs). It begins by providing an overview of wireless communication networks, addressing their key features, functions, and limitations. The paper then focuses on the routing protocols used in MANETs, explaining their operational principles. It also highlights energy-efficient algorithms, such as BECA, AFECA, ASCENT, and CCP, and their role in reducing energy consumption within these networks. The analysis continues with a review of routing protocols in WSNs, categorizing them into flat, location-based, and hierarchical approaches. Each category is examined in terms of its strengths and weaknesses, offering a comprehensive view of their functionalities and limitations. The paper concludes with an evaluation of protocols in DTNs, providing a comparative analysis of their advantages and disadvantages, accompanied by a table that summarizes the protocols for a clearer understanding of their applications in DTN environments.