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<p>Triterpene glycosides, commonly called saponins, are natural surfactants recognised for their therapeutic benefits. However, their development faces challenges, including high molecular weight, limited absorption, and intestinal metabolism. In this study, five oleanane glycosides have been isolated and characterised for the first time from <i>Momordica dioica</i> fruits. Further, an oleanane glycoside-enriched fraction was solubilised within a saponin-in-surfactant type nano-emulsion comprising Brij 30/PEG 400/caprylic acid/water (4:1:1:4 w/w) using ultrasonication. The resulting saponin-in-surfactant type nano-emulsion had a mean globule diameter of 97.06 ± 0.51&#xa0;nm and a polydispersity index of 0.327 ± 0.016. It demonstrated good storage stability at room temperature and 4&#xa0;°C over a 45-day period, supported by Turbiscan analysis. Notably, this nano-emulsion enhanced the bio-accessibility of oleanane glycosides by up to 6.32-fold in an in-vitro gastrointestinal bio-accessibility assessment.</p>

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Fabrication of Saponin-in-surfactant nano-emulsion for improved in-vitro gastrointestinal bio-accessibility of oleanane glycosides derived from Momordica dioica fruits

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Yogita Dahat,
  • Priyanka Yatham,
  • Deepak Kumar

摘要

Triterpene glycosides, commonly called saponins, are natural surfactants recognised for their therapeutic benefits. However, their development faces challenges, including high molecular weight, limited absorption, and intestinal metabolism. In this study, five oleanane glycosides have been isolated and characterised for the first time from Momordica dioica fruits. Further, an oleanane glycoside-enriched fraction was solubilised within a saponin-in-surfactant type nano-emulsion comprising Brij 30/PEG 400/caprylic acid/water (4:1:1:4 w/w) using ultrasonication. The resulting saponin-in-surfactant type nano-emulsion had a mean globule diameter of 97.06 ± 0.51 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.327 ± 0.016. It demonstrated good storage stability at room temperature and 4 °C over a 45-day period, supported by Turbiscan analysis. Notably, this nano-emulsion enhanced the bio-accessibility of oleanane glycosides by up to 6.32-fold in an in-vitro gastrointestinal bio-accessibility assessment.