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<p>This study investigated the valorization of holy basil (<i>Ocimum sanctum</i> L.) by-products into high-value functional dietary fiber powder using Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction (SFME) and combined Ultrasonic-SFME (USFME). The effects of ultrasonic extraction (UE) (0, 30&#xa0;min) and SFME (0, 10, 20, 30&#xa0;min) durations on physicochemical, functional, and bioactive properties were evaluated. All treatments significantly altered fiber morphology, creating a porous lignocellulosic matrix that enhanced lightness (L*) and improved Water Solubility Index (WSI) and Oil Holding Capacity (OHC) compared to the control (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Crucially, USFME demonstrated superior synergistic effects over SFME alone. While prolonged SFME induced thermal degradation of soluble polysaccharides, increasing USFME duration (up to 30&#xa0;min) progressively maximized Soluble Dietary Fiber (10.10%), Total Phenolic Compounds (123.41&#xa0;mg GAE/g), and OHC (24.22&#xa0;g/g), while enhancing antioxidant activities. The optimized USFME-30 condition leveraged acoustic cavitation and microwave-induced “micro-explosions” to facilitate the conversion of Insoluble Dietary Fiber (IDF) into highly functional SDF fractions while preserving bioactive stability. This study confirms that sequential USFME is an efficient, sustainable approach for transforming agri-food waste into premium functional ingredients for food and nutraceutical industries.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Extraction of dietary fiber from holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) by-product using ultrasonic and solvent-free microwave techniques: effects on physicochemical properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Pitiporn Ritthiruangdej,
  • Papawarin Lowleraha,
  • Aussama Soontrunnarudrungsri,
  • Nantawan Therdthai,
  • Udomlak Sukatta,
  • Phatcharee Kittisuban,
  • Thanaphon Chonburom

摘要

This study investigated the valorization of holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) by-products into high-value functional dietary fiber powder using Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction (SFME) and combined Ultrasonic-SFME (USFME). The effects of ultrasonic extraction (UE) (0, 30 min) and SFME (0, 10, 20, 30 min) durations on physicochemical, functional, and bioactive properties were evaluated. All treatments significantly altered fiber morphology, creating a porous lignocellulosic matrix that enhanced lightness (L*) and improved Water Solubility Index (WSI) and Oil Holding Capacity (OHC) compared to the control (p < 0.05). Crucially, USFME demonstrated superior synergistic effects over SFME alone. While prolonged SFME induced thermal degradation of soluble polysaccharides, increasing USFME duration (up to 30 min) progressively maximized Soluble Dietary Fiber (10.10%), Total Phenolic Compounds (123.41 mg GAE/g), and OHC (24.22 g/g), while enhancing antioxidant activities. The optimized USFME-30 condition leveraged acoustic cavitation and microwave-induced “micro-explosions” to facilitate the conversion of Insoluble Dietary Fiber (IDF) into highly functional SDF fractions while preserving bioactive stability. This study confirms that sequential USFME is an efficient, sustainable approach for transforming agri-food waste into premium functional ingredients for food and nutraceutical industries.

Graphical Abstract