<p>Okra, a highly consumed vegetable worldwide, frequently requires pesticide applications to manage pest infestations. This study presents the development and validation of a sensitive and efficient GC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of etoxazole and fenpropathrin residues in okra, employing the QuEChERS extraction technique. The method demonstrated excellent performance, with recovery rates ranging from 102 to 108% for etoxazole and 102 to 113% for fenpropathrin, and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) established at 0.001 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> for both pesticides. Field trials conducted under real-world conditions revealed first-order degradation kinetics, with half-lives of 1.67 days for etoxazole and 2.3 days for fenpropathrin, reflecting their moderate persistence. A chronic dietary risk assessment, based on terminal residue levels, indicated minimal health risks for adult consumers in Egypt, with dietary exposure contributing to less than 1% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI). These findings underscore the importance of region-specific pesticide management practices and provide critical insights into the safe use of etoxazole and fenpropathrin on okra. Based on the results, a pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 7 days for etoxazole and 10 days for fenpropathrin is recommended to ensure compliance with regulatory standards and consumer safety.</p>

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Validated GC–MS/MS and QuEChERS method for monitoring etoxazole and fenpropathrin residues in okra: dietary risk and regulatory insights from Egypt’s Nile Delta

  • Farag Malhat,
  • Mohammed Abdel-Megeed,
  • El-Sayed Saber,
  • Shokr Abel Salam Shokr,
  • Ayman N. Saber

摘要

Okra, a highly consumed vegetable worldwide, frequently requires pesticide applications to manage pest infestations. This study presents the development and validation of a sensitive and efficient GC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of etoxazole and fenpropathrin residues in okra, employing the QuEChERS extraction technique. The method demonstrated excellent performance, with recovery rates ranging from 102 to 108% for etoxazole and 102 to 113% for fenpropathrin, and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) established at 0.001 mg kg−1 for both pesticides. Field trials conducted under real-world conditions revealed first-order degradation kinetics, with half-lives of 1.67 days for etoxazole and 2.3 days for fenpropathrin, reflecting their moderate persistence. A chronic dietary risk assessment, based on terminal residue levels, indicated minimal health risks for adult consumers in Egypt, with dietary exposure contributing to less than 1% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI). These findings underscore the importance of region-specific pesticide management practices and provide critical insights into the safe use of etoxazole and fenpropathrin on okra. Based on the results, a pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 7 days for etoxazole and 10 days for fenpropathrin is recommended to ensure compliance with regulatory standards and consumer safety.