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Background <p>Cluster of differentiation 15 (CD15) is a fucosylated carbohydrate antigen involved in cell adhesion and tumor biology. Its clinicopathological significance in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains incompletely understood, with conflicting evidence regarding its association with tumor aggressiveness. This study investigated CD15 expression in PTC and its relationship with established clinicopathological features.</p> Methods <p>A total of 80 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from patients with histologically confirmed PTC who underwent thyroidectomy between 2018 and 2023 were retrieved from the pathology archives. Representative tumor blocks were selected after histopathological review. CD15 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and quantified as the percentage of tumor cells showing membranous immunoreactivity.</p> Results <p>CD15 expression was detected in all PTC cases, with a mean expression of 53.23 ± 18.02%. Expression was substantially lower in tumors with lymph node involvement than in node-negative tumors (36.11% vs. 58.56%), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001. A similar reduction was observed in tumors with capsular invasion compared with non-invasive tumors, 44.42% and 61.19%, respectively, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001. After adjustment for clinicopathological variables, CD15 expression remained independently associated with lymph node involvement (AOR 0.904, 95% CI 0.856–0.954, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and capsular invasion (AOR 0.923, 95% CI 0.882–0.966, <i>p</i> = 0.001). CD15 demonstrated excellent discrimination for lymph node involvement (AUC 0.868) and good discrimination for capsular invasion (AUC 0.784).</p> Conclusion <p>Reduced membranous CD15 expression is independently associated with lymph node involvement and capsular invasion in PTC. These findings suggest that CD15 may reflect glycan-related tumor behavior in PTC. However, its clinical utility requires validation in larger prospective studies with longitudinal outcome data.</p> Clinical trial registration <p>Not applicable.</p>

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Clinicopathological Significance of CD15 Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Ahmad Eshraghi,
  • Mohammad Mahdi Mehrabi,
  • Mohammadreza Jalali Nadoushan

摘要

Background

Cluster of differentiation 15 (CD15) is a fucosylated carbohydrate antigen involved in cell adhesion and tumor biology. Its clinicopathological significance in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains incompletely understood, with conflicting evidence regarding its association with tumor aggressiveness. This study investigated CD15 expression in PTC and its relationship with established clinicopathological features.

Methods

A total of 80 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from patients with histologically confirmed PTC who underwent thyroidectomy between 2018 and 2023 were retrieved from the pathology archives. Representative tumor blocks were selected after histopathological review. CD15 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and quantified as the percentage of tumor cells showing membranous immunoreactivity.

Results

CD15 expression was detected in all PTC cases, with a mean expression of 53.23 ± 18.02%. Expression was substantially lower in tumors with lymph node involvement than in node-negative tumors (36.11% vs. 58.56%), p < 0.001. A similar reduction was observed in tumors with capsular invasion compared with non-invasive tumors, 44.42% and 61.19%, respectively, p < 0.001. After adjustment for clinicopathological variables, CD15 expression remained independently associated with lymph node involvement (AOR 0.904, 95% CI 0.856–0.954, p < 0.001) and capsular invasion (AOR 0.923, 95% CI 0.882–0.966, p = 0.001). CD15 demonstrated excellent discrimination for lymph node involvement (AUC 0.868) and good discrimination for capsular invasion (AUC 0.784).

Conclusion

Reduced membranous CD15 expression is independently associated with lymph node involvement and capsular invasion in PTC. These findings suggest that CD15 may reflect glycan-related tumor behavior in PTC. However, its clinical utility requires validation in larger prospective studies with longitudinal outcome data.

Clinical trial registration

Not applicable.