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Objective <p>To evaluate the association between serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels and liver metastasis in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) and assess its potential as an adjunctive biomarker for staging and surgical planning.</p> Materials and Methods <p>This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted over 18 months at a tertiary care centre and included 109 histologically confirmed GBC patients. Biochemical parameters, including serum GGT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin fractions, and tumor markers (CEA, CA 19 − 9, CA 125), were analyzed. The association between GGT and clinicopathological variables was assessed using appropriate statistical methods, and the diagnostic performance of GGT was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.</p> Results <p>Based on contrast-enhanced CT imaging, patients were categorized into two groups: those with liver metastasis (<i>n</i> = 50) and those without (<i>n</i> = 59). Serum GGT levels were significantly elevated in the liver metastasis group (130.00[59.50-340.25]U/L) compared to those without metastasis (73.00[33.00-168.00]U/L; <i>p</i> = 0.0034). GGT showed strong correlations with ALP (ρ = 0.68, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin. ROC analysis yielded an AUC of 0.666, with a GGT cutoff of 203 U/L showing 44.0% sensitivity and 81.4% specificity. Elevated GGT was also significantly associated with distant lymphadenopathy, unresectability, higher TNM stage, and poorly differentiated tumors.</p> Conclusion <p>GGT is a readily available, low-cost biomarker significantly associated with advanced disease in GBC and liver metastases. Its integration into preoperative assessment may enhance staging accuracy and guide surgical decision-making. Prospective validation in larger cohorts is warranted.</p>

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Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase as an Adjunctive Marker for Liver Metastasis in Gallbladder Carcinoma-An Observational Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • Manish Kulshrestha,
  • Sarath Krishnan,
  • Deepak Rajput,
  • Bela Goyal,
  • Amit Gupta,
  • Sweety Gupta,
  • Vatsala Singh,
  • Adarsh Jha

摘要

Objective

To evaluate the association between serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels and liver metastasis in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) and assess its potential as an adjunctive biomarker for staging and surgical planning.

Materials and Methods

This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted over 18 months at a tertiary care centre and included 109 histologically confirmed GBC patients. Biochemical parameters, including serum GGT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin fractions, and tumor markers (CEA, CA 19 − 9, CA 125), were analyzed. The association between GGT and clinicopathological variables was assessed using appropriate statistical methods, and the diagnostic performance of GGT was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Based on contrast-enhanced CT imaging, patients were categorized into two groups: those with liver metastasis (n = 50) and those without (n = 59). Serum GGT levels were significantly elevated in the liver metastasis group (130.00[59.50-340.25]U/L) compared to those without metastasis (73.00[33.00-168.00]U/L; p = 0.0034). GGT showed strong correlations with ALP (ρ = 0.68, p < 0.001), direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin. ROC analysis yielded an AUC of 0.666, with a GGT cutoff of 203 U/L showing 44.0% sensitivity and 81.4% specificity. Elevated GGT was also significantly associated with distant lymphadenopathy, unresectability, higher TNM stage, and poorly differentiated tumors.

Conclusion

GGT is a readily available, low-cost biomarker significantly associated with advanced disease in GBC and liver metastases. Its integration into preoperative assessment may enhance staging accuracy and guide surgical decision-making. Prospective validation in larger cohorts is warranted.