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Introduction <p>Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has evolved as a possible pathway in the pathophysiology of tumor formation and progression; however, the contribution of this phenomenon in human cancers, especially oral malignancy, lacks sufficient evidence. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of EMT markers E-cadherin and N-cadherin and their correlation with clinicopathological factors in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Cancer (OSCC).</p> Methods <p>This prospective observational study was conducted on a hundred histologically proven cases of OSCC based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. In these cases, the expression level of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin) was evaluated using Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin was analyzed and correlated with clinical and histopathological factors using appropriate statistical methods.</p> Results <p>The mean age of the patients was 47.96 ± 11.15 years (range: 24–70 years) with male predominance (92%). E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression were observed in 18 (18%) and 58 (58%) cases, respectively. Reduced expression of E-cadherin was observed in 82% of cases, while N-cadherin positivity was seen in 58% of tumors. N-cadherin expression showed a statistically significant association with clinical T stage (<i>p</i> = 0.001), clinical N stage (<i>p</i> = 0.041), tumor size (<i>p</i> = 0.016), depth of invasion (<i>p</i> = 0.001), pathological T stage (<i>p</i> = 0.005), and AJCC stage (<i>p</i> = 0.017). No significant association was observed between E-cadherin expression and clinicopathological parameters.</p> Conclusion <p>This study demonstrated frequent loss of E-cadherin and increased N-cadherin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. N-cadherin positivity showed significant association with indicators of tumor aggressiveness such as higher T stage, nodal involvement, tumor size, depth of invasion, and AJCC stage, suggesting a possible role of cadherin switching in OSCC progression.</p>

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Unveiling the Role of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Observational Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Pratik Solanki,
  • Manu Malhotra,
  • Ashok Singh,
  • S. K. S. Mareshwari,
  • Rahul Kumar,
  • Ritu Thakur,
  • Amit Gupta

摘要

Introduction

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has evolved as a possible pathway in the pathophysiology of tumor formation and progression; however, the contribution of this phenomenon in human cancers, especially oral malignancy, lacks sufficient evidence. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of EMT markers E-cadherin and N-cadherin and their correlation with clinicopathological factors in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Cancer (OSCC).

Methods

This prospective observational study was conducted on a hundred histologically proven cases of OSCC based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. In these cases, the expression level of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin) was evaluated using Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin was analyzed and correlated with clinical and histopathological factors using appropriate statistical methods.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 47.96 ± 11.15 years (range: 24–70 years) with male predominance (92%). E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression were observed in 18 (18%) and 58 (58%) cases, respectively. Reduced expression of E-cadherin was observed in 82% of cases, while N-cadherin positivity was seen in 58% of tumors. N-cadherin expression showed a statistically significant association with clinical T stage (p = 0.001), clinical N stage (p = 0.041), tumor size (p = 0.016), depth of invasion (p = 0.001), pathological T stage (p = 0.005), and AJCC stage (p = 0.017). No significant association was observed between E-cadherin expression and clinicopathological parameters.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated frequent loss of E-cadherin and increased N-cadherin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. N-cadherin positivity showed significant association with indicators of tumor aggressiveness such as higher T stage, nodal involvement, tumor size, depth of invasion, and AJCC stage, suggesting a possible role of cadherin switching in OSCC progression.