<p>This study aims to evaluate postoperative PTH trends after parathyroidectomy and determine whether elevated PTH levels predict disease recurrence or reflect a benign physiological response. The present study is of descriptive epidemiological type. All patients diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism in (Vali-e-Asr Hospital of Qazvin Province) during the year 2017 underwent surgery. They were followed up for one year, and their parathyroid hormone and serum calcium levels were measured at the following times: one day after surgery, 1 month after surgery, 6 months after surgery, and one year after surgery, and recorded. Most participants were women (72.2%), and the average age of the sample was 50 ± 10, ranging from 32 to 79 years. The study results indicated a significant relation between temporal decline in parathyroid hormone and calcium levels in surgical procedures. There was no significant relationship between age, parathormone, and calcium during surgery. There was a significant relationship between increasing age and calcium level increases. As the level of parathormone increases, the level of calcium also increases, with an increase in both parathormone and calcium levels observed 6 months after the surgery. The increase in parathormone levels after surgery is a common finding, continuing up to 6 months postoperatively, but decreasing again without any correlation with disease recurrence. This increase in parathormone levels is not associated with the age and gender of the patient.</p>