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Introduction <p>Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) individuals continue to experience disparities in healthcare access, quality, and patient experience. Despite growing recognition of these inequalities, there remains a lack of psychometrically robust instruments adapted for use in Spanish-speaking individuals living in Spain. This study aimed to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the LGBTQ+ Healthcare Experiences Scale (LGBTQ+ HCES-ES).</p> Methodology <p>This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2025 and February 2026, including 305 LGBTQ+ participants recruited through social media and community networks in Spain. The adaptation process followed established international guidelines. Psychometric evaluation included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using WLSMV estimation, internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), and composite reliability (McDonald’s ω).</p> Results <p>The three-factor structure of the scale was confirmed. The model demonstrated excellent fit (RMSEA = 0.043; CFI = 0.998; TLI = 0.998; SRMR = 0.047). Internal consistency was good to excellent across subscales (α = 0.783–0.873), with high overall reliability (ω = 0.939). Within the study sample, higher mean scores were observed for the Respect and Inclusivity subscale, whereas comparatively lower scores were found for the Trust and Comfort subscale.</p> Conclusion <p>The Spanish version of the LGBTQ+ HCES demonstrated satisfactory evidence of structural validity and internal consistency and may be a useful instrument for assessing healthcare experiences among LGBTQ+ individual.</p> Policy Implications <p>The availability of a culturally adapted and psychometrically evaluated instrument to assess healthcare experiences among LGBTQ+ individuals may have important implications for health policy and practice. The LGBTQ+ HCES-ES may support the systematic monitoring of healthcare inequalities, inform the development of targeted training programs for healthcare professionals, and contribute to the implementation of inclusive care standards within healthcare systems. At a policy level, the use of such tools may facilitate evidence-based strategies aimed at reducing disparities and improving the quality and equity of care for sexual and gender minority populations.</p>

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Psychometric Properties and Cultural Adaptation of the Spanish Version of the LGBTQ+ Healthcare Experiences Scale

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Michał Czapla,
  • Raúl Juárez-Vela,
  • Piotr Karniej,
  • Pablo Del Pozo-Herce,
  • Anthony Dissen,
  • Vicente Gea-Caballero,
  • Emmanuel Echániz-Serrano,
  • Dorota Stefanicka-Wojtas,
  • Donata Kurpas,
  • Antonio Martínez-Sabater

摘要

Introduction

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) individuals continue to experience disparities in healthcare access, quality, and patient experience. Despite growing recognition of these inequalities, there remains a lack of psychometrically robust instruments adapted for use in Spanish-speaking individuals living in Spain. This study aimed to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the LGBTQ+ Healthcare Experiences Scale (LGBTQ+ HCES-ES).

Methodology

This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2025 and February 2026, including 305 LGBTQ+ participants recruited through social media and community networks in Spain. The adaptation process followed established international guidelines. Psychometric evaluation included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using WLSMV estimation, internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), and composite reliability (McDonald’s ω).

Results

The three-factor structure of the scale was confirmed. The model demonstrated excellent fit (RMSEA = 0.043; CFI = 0.998; TLI = 0.998; SRMR = 0.047). Internal consistency was good to excellent across subscales (α = 0.783–0.873), with high overall reliability (ω = 0.939). Within the study sample, higher mean scores were observed for the Respect and Inclusivity subscale, whereas comparatively lower scores were found for the Trust and Comfort subscale.

Conclusion

The Spanish version of the LGBTQ+ HCES demonstrated satisfactory evidence of structural validity and internal consistency and may be a useful instrument for assessing healthcare experiences among LGBTQ+ individual.

Policy Implications

The availability of a culturally adapted and psychometrically evaluated instrument to assess healthcare experiences among LGBTQ+ individuals may have important implications for health policy and practice. The LGBTQ+ HCES-ES may support the systematic monitoring of healthcare inequalities, inform the development of targeted training programs for healthcare professionals, and contribute to the implementation of inclusive care standards within healthcare systems. At a policy level, the use of such tools may facilitate evidence-based strategies aimed at reducing disparities and improving the quality and equity of care for sexual and gender minority populations.