Introduction <p>The collection of sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) has shown promise in understanding and addressing sexual and gender minority disparities in the medical and health system. Less is studied on SOGI data collection within higher education. This study examined the demographic and institutional factors of students’ willingness to answer SOGI items on their college application form.</p> Methods <p>Undergraduate college students across the U.S. (<i>N</i> = 700) completed an online cross-sectional survey from August 23-October 21, 2023. Three separate multiple logistic regressions were used to investigate willingness to answer sex assigned at birth questions, gender identity questions, and sexual identity questions.</p> Results <p>Gender minority students were less willing to answer a gender identity question and sexual minority students were less likely to answer a sexual identity question. Liberal students were more willing to answer sex assigned at birth and gender identity questions. African American students were less willing to answer a sex assigned at birth question, but Hispanic students were more willing to answer a gender identity question. First-generation college students were less likely to answer gender identity and sexual identity questions.</p> Conclusions <p>Findings suggest few demographic differences and no institutional differences in willingness were found.</p> Policy Implications <p>Concrete university-based policies and practices to ask SOGI questions on college application forms are paramount to address LGBTQ + academic disparities. These may include collaborations across college units (e.g., admission, information technology, LGBTQ + campus offices) to develop a procedure to ask, collect, and store SOGI data.</p>