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<p>Organic farming improves soil health and resilience but lacks crop varieties suited to its systems; developing/identifying such varieties is essential, yet underexplored. Cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz) shows strong potential for organic farming, yet its varietal suitability is still poorly understood. Hence, a six-year field experiment (2016–2022) in the humid tropics of South India evaluated 12 cassava varieties under organic management, integrating agronomic performance, biomass partitioning, nutrient uptake, tuber quality, yield stability, economics, and soil health indicators. The objective was to identify varieties suitable for organic system in cassava. Significant varietal differences were observed for growth dynamics, harvest index, nutrient uptake, quality attributes, tuber yield, and economic returns. Harvest index was higher in Sree Jaya (0.64), Vellayani Hraswa (0.62), Sree Reksha (0.59) and Sree Pavithra (0.59). Sree Reksha and Sree Pavithra exported significantly higher N and P. Industrial varieties accumulated greater starch content as observed in Sree Athulya (23.98% on FW basis), comparable to H-226 and H-165. All domestic varieties viz., Sree Jaya, Sree Vijaya, Kalpaka, Vellayani Hraswa, Sree Swarna, Sree Pavithra and M-4, exhibited low cyanogenic glucoside levels (28–43&#xa0;µg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>). Pooled analysis identified Sree Reksha (33.97 t ha<sup>−1</sup>) as the highest-yielding genotype, while stability analyses (AMMI, GGE biplot, Eberhart–Russell regression and Shukla’s stability variance), consistently identified Sree Pavithra, H-165 and Sree Visakham as broadly stable and widely adaptable across diverse environments. Organic cultivation improved soil enzyme activities, with minor varietal effects on soil available nutrients. Economic analysis showed superior net returns (Rs. 486,456&#xa0;ha<sup>−1</sup>) and benefit–cost ratio (3.41) for Sree Reksha. The study demonstrates that targeted varietal selection enhances productivity, yield stability, profitability, and soil health in organic cassava systems of humid tropical regions. Sree Reksha can be recommended for favourable organic cassava production systems due to its high yield and economic advantage.</p>

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Organic system evaluation of cassava varieties in the humid tropics of South India: agronomic, nutritional, quality, economic and soil health indicators

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • G. Suja,
  • J. Sreekumar,
  • S. J. Harishma,
  • G. Byju,
  • S. S. Veena,
  • M. N. Sheela,
  • S. Sunitha,
  • A. N. Jyothi,
  • D. Jaganathan,
  • N. Ravisankar,
  • C. S. Sooraj

摘要

Organic farming improves soil health and resilience but lacks crop varieties suited to its systems; developing/identifying such varieties is essential, yet underexplored. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) shows strong potential for organic farming, yet its varietal suitability is still poorly understood. Hence, a six-year field experiment (2016–2022) in the humid tropics of South India evaluated 12 cassava varieties under organic management, integrating agronomic performance, biomass partitioning, nutrient uptake, tuber quality, yield stability, economics, and soil health indicators. The objective was to identify varieties suitable for organic system in cassava. Significant varietal differences were observed for growth dynamics, harvest index, nutrient uptake, quality attributes, tuber yield, and economic returns. Harvest index was higher in Sree Jaya (0.64), Vellayani Hraswa (0.62), Sree Reksha (0.59) and Sree Pavithra (0.59). Sree Reksha and Sree Pavithra exported significantly higher N and P. Industrial varieties accumulated greater starch content as observed in Sree Athulya (23.98% on FW basis), comparable to H-226 and H-165. All domestic varieties viz., Sree Jaya, Sree Vijaya, Kalpaka, Vellayani Hraswa, Sree Swarna, Sree Pavithra and M-4, exhibited low cyanogenic glucoside levels (28–43 µg g−1). Pooled analysis identified Sree Reksha (33.97 t ha−1) as the highest-yielding genotype, while stability analyses (AMMI, GGE biplot, Eberhart–Russell regression and Shukla’s stability variance), consistently identified Sree Pavithra, H-165 and Sree Visakham as broadly stable and widely adaptable across diverse environments. Organic cultivation improved soil enzyme activities, with minor varietal effects on soil available nutrients. Economic analysis showed superior net returns (Rs. 486,456 ha−1) and benefit–cost ratio (3.41) for Sree Reksha. The study demonstrates that targeted varietal selection enhances productivity, yield stability, profitability, and soil health in organic cassava systems of humid tropical regions. Sree Reksha can be recommended for favourable organic cassava production systems due to its high yield and economic advantage.