<p>Little is known about the technical efficiency and adoption of organic rice in Vietnam, particularly within the Red River Delta (RRD) region. This study endeavors to address this gap by employing a two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based on group frontiers and meta-frontier and probit regression modeling from a sample comprising 250 farmers (127 organic and 123 conventional farming) Hanoi. The results reveal that the technical efficiency (TE) based on the meta-frontier approach ranges from 77 to 82% for rice production across two different farming systems and cultivation seasons in the RRD. This suggests a potential increase in rice production of 18% to 23%, while maintaining current input levels. Organic rice reaches little higher TE scores but lower metatechnology ratios indicating greater technology production constraints. Larger farm sizes correlate positively with higher technical efficiency across both farming systems. Importantly, pest control support emerges as a significant determinant of efficiency in organic rice production, whereas credit support and farmers' considerations regarding seed availability are found to negatively impact the technical efficiency of conventional rice production. Factors affecting farmers to adopt organic farming include female-headed households, larger farm sizes, perceived ease of cultivation, seed availability, considerations of better production, and the expectation of higher prices. To improve the efficiency of organic rice production, policies should focus on enhancing pest control support and providing targeted training on effective pest management techniques. Additionally, fostering organic rice adoption requires promoting its health and environmental benefits, ensuring access to disease-resistant seeds, and raising awareness among farmers about the economic advantages of organic farming.</p>