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<p>Although the linkages between plant traits and ecosystem services have been widely discussed, knowledge of these relationships remains limited within coastal salt marsh ecosystems. Based on 139 peer-reviewed empirical studies, we extracted 46 plant traits and 12 ecosystem services, and categorized their interactions into three types of linkages: “trait–single service,” “trait–multiple services,” and “specific trait–services.” We further identified five modules encompassing key plant traits and their associated ecosystem services, and mapped trade-offs or synergies among these services. We found that synergies prevail within material production services, whereas intricate trade-offs and synergies emerge between material production and regulating services. Our findings demonstrate that “trait–single service” linkages inform management with explicit ecosystem service goals. For example, <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> has been introduced in many countries to prevent coastal erosion. For “trait–multiple services,” optimizing ecological processes by altering the spatial distribution of multi-service traits can maximize synergies and minimize trade-offs among ecosystem services. For instance, selective removal that retains pioneer <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> maximizes protection of the services of wave dissipation and carbon sequestration while minimizing biodiversity loss. Furthermore, management strategies must account for “specific trait–services.” For example, leaf nitrogen content does not determine carbon sequestration potential at frequently inundated sites, whereas the high stem-specific density of <i>Phragmites australis</i> promotes soil carbon storage by effectively slowing decomposition under flooding. These findings provide the current theoretical basis and knowledge gaps for further research on plant trait-ecosystem service relationships and offer useful information for sustainable management strategies.</p>

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Exploring the Linkages Between Plant Functional Traits and Ecosystem Services to Improve Management of Coastal salt Marshes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Yazhou Tang,
  • Yinlong Zhang,
  • Yongbo Wu,
  • Jianhui Xue

摘要

Although the linkages between plant traits and ecosystem services have been widely discussed, knowledge of these relationships remains limited within coastal salt marsh ecosystems. Based on 139 peer-reviewed empirical studies, we extracted 46 plant traits and 12 ecosystem services, and categorized their interactions into three types of linkages: “trait–single service,” “trait–multiple services,” and “specific trait–services.” We further identified five modules encompassing key plant traits and their associated ecosystem services, and mapped trade-offs or synergies among these services. We found that synergies prevail within material production services, whereas intricate trade-offs and synergies emerge between material production and regulating services. Our findings demonstrate that “trait–single service” linkages inform management with explicit ecosystem service goals. For example, Spartina alterniflora has been introduced in many countries to prevent coastal erosion. For “trait–multiple services,” optimizing ecological processes by altering the spatial distribution of multi-service traits can maximize synergies and minimize trade-offs among ecosystem services. For instance, selective removal that retains pioneer Spartina alterniflora maximizes protection of the services of wave dissipation and carbon sequestration while minimizing biodiversity loss. Furthermore, management strategies must account for “specific trait–services.” For example, leaf nitrogen content does not determine carbon sequestration potential at frequently inundated sites, whereas the high stem-specific density of Phragmites australis promotes soil carbon storage by effectively slowing decomposition under flooding. These findings provide the current theoretical basis and knowledge gaps for further research on plant trait-ecosystem service relationships and offer useful information for sustainable management strategies.