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<p>As critical indicators of urban ecosystem integrity, waterbird communities in reservoirs face biodiversity challenges due to prevailing management priorities for water security and urban development over ecological conservation. Thus, exploring how operational key environmental factors can enhance waterbird biodiversity is of significant importance. This study integrates four years of avian monitoring data (2021–2024) from Hangzhou’s Qingshan Lake Reservoir with multivariate regression and redundancy analysis to disentangle the hierarchy of environmental drivers on waterbird diversity across functional guilds (feeding habits, residency types, and habitat specialization). The results showed that seasonal variations in water levels, precipitation, and climatic events play distinct roles in shaping the species composition and abundance of waterbirds in different seasons. We developed a phenology-synchronized management framework: Spring and Autumn drawdowns (21–22.5&#xa0;m) to sustain mudflats for endangered waders; Winter stabilization (22–23&#xa0;m) balancing swimming waterfowl needs with shallow zones for herbivores; Summer high water periods aligning with bird absense. This approach bridges hydrological infrastructure operations with waterbird functional guild requirements, advocating dynamic water level thresholds over static regimes to optimize urban reservoir biodiversity outcomes.</p>

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Optimizing Waterbird Conservation in Urban Reservoirs: A Phenology-Synchronized Water Level Management Framework for Biodiversity Enhancement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Xi Xu,
  • Weiguo Wang,
  • Keqian Qian,
  • Yuhan Liu,
  • Aijun Mei,
  • Xiaomei Zhu,
  • Zikun An,
  • Hongyu Shi,
  • Xinyi Zheng

摘要

As critical indicators of urban ecosystem integrity, waterbird communities in reservoirs face biodiversity challenges due to prevailing management priorities for water security and urban development over ecological conservation. Thus, exploring how operational key environmental factors can enhance waterbird biodiversity is of significant importance. This study integrates four years of avian monitoring data (2021–2024) from Hangzhou’s Qingshan Lake Reservoir with multivariate regression and redundancy analysis to disentangle the hierarchy of environmental drivers on waterbird diversity across functional guilds (feeding habits, residency types, and habitat specialization). The results showed that seasonal variations in water levels, precipitation, and climatic events play distinct roles in shaping the species composition and abundance of waterbirds in different seasons. We developed a phenology-synchronized management framework: Spring and Autumn drawdowns (21–22.5 m) to sustain mudflats for endangered waders; Winter stabilization (22–23 m) balancing swimming waterfowl needs with shallow zones for herbivores; Summer high water periods aligning with bird absense. This approach bridges hydrological infrastructure operations with waterbird functional guild requirements, advocating dynamic water level thresholds over static regimes to optimize urban reservoir biodiversity outcomes.