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<p>This study applies an integrated geophysical–fracture analysis at an urban scale in the Derak region, Shiraz, Iran, combining 45 Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) with box-counting fractal characterization of joint networks to assess sinkhole susceptibility. One-dimensional layered-earth inversions were performed using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm in IPI2WIN software (RMS errors &lt; 4%), yielding true resistivity models that revealed near-surface resistivity patterns and potential karstic features. The approach links fracture complexity with subsurface resistivity anomalies, representing a methodological integration and its first application to site-specific urban sinkhole mapping in this area. VES data were used to map near-surface resistivity and identify potential karstic features and faults, while fractal analysis of joint patterns quantified spatial complexity. High fractal dimensions (D &gt; 1.5) coincide with 65% of low-resistivity zones (&lt; 30 Ω m) based on GIS overlay analysis, demonstrating a statistically significant spatial correlation between fracture networks and subsurface conductivity anomalies. The study area overlies the Razak Formation, where alternating marly and chalk beds exhibit karst phenomena reflected in resistivity contrasts. The combined geophysical–fracture methodology effectively identifies karst features and fault-controlled zones, providing a robust framework for site-specific hazard assessment in urban planning. By extending routine civil-engineering VES surveys to localized karst evaluation through integration with fractal analysis, this study addresses a critical gap in urban-scale sinkhole susceptibility mapping and offers actionable insights for sustainable development in karst-prone areas.</p>

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Geoelectrical reconnaissance of sinkhole susceptibility in the Derak region, Shiraz, Iran

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Saeid Eskandari,
  • Abdul-Majid Asadi,
  • Kouros Yazdjerdi

摘要

This study applies an integrated geophysical–fracture analysis at an urban scale in the Derak region, Shiraz, Iran, combining 45 Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) with box-counting fractal characterization of joint networks to assess sinkhole susceptibility. One-dimensional layered-earth inversions were performed using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm in IPI2WIN software (RMS errors < 4%), yielding true resistivity models that revealed near-surface resistivity patterns and potential karstic features. The approach links fracture complexity with subsurface resistivity anomalies, representing a methodological integration and its first application to site-specific urban sinkhole mapping in this area. VES data were used to map near-surface resistivity and identify potential karstic features and faults, while fractal analysis of joint patterns quantified spatial complexity. High fractal dimensions (D > 1.5) coincide with 65% of low-resistivity zones (< 30 Ω m) based on GIS overlay analysis, demonstrating a statistically significant spatial correlation between fracture networks and subsurface conductivity anomalies. The study area overlies the Razak Formation, where alternating marly and chalk beds exhibit karst phenomena reflected in resistivity contrasts. The combined geophysical–fracture methodology effectively identifies karst features and fault-controlled zones, providing a robust framework for site-specific hazard assessment in urban planning. By extending routine civil-engineering VES surveys to localized karst evaluation through integration with fractal analysis, this study addresses a critical gap in urban-scale sinkhole susceptibility mapping and offers actionable insights for sustainable development in karst-prone areas.