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<p>This study integrates bulk organic geochemical analyses and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) to elucidate the origin, thermal maturity, and transformation behavior of organic matter in the organic-rich carbonate facies of the Natih Formation, Oman. The Natih organic-rich carbonate facies is characterized mainly by Type I/II kerogen, with hydrogen index (HI) values of more than 300&#xa0;mg HC/g TOC, suggesting promising oil-prone strata with a significant interest for oil shale exploitation through steam injection. The hydrogen-rich kerogen Type I/II in the Natih carbonate facies is predominantly derived from aquatic organisms, algae, and bacteria and deposited under marine anoxic environmental conditions, as demonstrated by the biomarker measurements. This work is also designed to anticipate the chemical mechanisms underlying phase and molecular composition transformations of the organic matter under water-steam aquathermolysis conditions at temperatures of 300&#xa0;°C, 350&#xa0;°C, and 400&#xa0;°C. During aquathermolysis within the investigated temperature range over 72&#xa0;h, the transformation of organic matter in the Natih organic-rich carbonate facies at 300&#xa0;°C primarily involves hydrodesulfurization and hydrogenation. At 350&#xa0;°C, a high conversion rate of liquid hydrocarbons and kerogen generation is observed, but the processes of coke formation and the gasification of liquid hydrocarbons become more pronounced. At 400&#xa0;°C, the most intense unfavorable events take place, and the water-gas shift reaction releases a comparatively large amount of evolved gases, primarily CO<sub>2</sub>.</p>

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Impact of hydrothermal conversion of organic-rich carbonate rock of the Natih Formation in North Oman on organic matter characteristics and mechanism of chemical reactions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Aliia N. Khamieva,
  • Ameen A. Al-Muntaser,
  • Muneer A. Suwaid,
  • Mohammed Hail Hakimi,
  • Shadi A. Saeed,
  • Mikhail A. Varfolomeev,
  • Aref Lashin,
  • S. M. Talha Qadri,
  • Ahmed Naabi,
  • Rashid Said Al Busaidi,
  • Majid Hasani

摘要

This study integrates bulk organic geochemical analyses and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) to elucidate the origin, thermal maturity, and transformation behavior of organic matter in the organic-rich carbonate facies of the Natih Formation, Oman. The Natih organic-rich carbonate facies is characterized mainly by Type I/II kerogen, with hydrogen index (HI) values of more than 300 mg HC/g TOC, suggesting promising oil-prone strata with a significant interest for oil shale exploitation through steam injection. The hydrogen-rich kerogen Type I/II in the Natih carbonate facies is predominantly derived from aquatic organisms, algae, and bacteria and deposited under marine anoxic environmental conditions, as demonstrated by the biomarker measurements. This work is also designed to anticipate the chemical mechanisms underlying phase and molecular composition transformations of the organic matter under water-steam aquathermolysis conditions at temperatures of 300 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C. During aquathermolysis within the investigated temperature range over 72 h, the transformation of organic matter in the Natih organic-rich carbonate facies at 300 °C primarily involves hydrodesulfurization and hydrogenation. At 350 °C, a high conversion rate of liquid hydrocarbons and kerogen generation is observed, but the processes of coke formation and the gasification of liquid hydrocarbons become more pronounced. At 400 °C, the most intense unfavorable events take place, and the water-gas shift reaction releases a comparatively large amount of evolved gases, primarily CO2.