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<p>The Koudiat Guelaat Bou Diar is part of the Djebel Debbagh massif, which belongs to the Tellian Atlas of northeastern Algeria. The latter has experienced multiple Cenozoic tectonic episodes related to the Alpine subduction-collision event between the African and the Eurasian plate that led to the development of deep regional faults, thrusting nappes, and igneous activity. The Sb-Ba-Zn-Hg mineralization of the Koudiat Guelaat Bou Diar deposit, located in the Constantine neritic series, was studied for the first time in order to determine their mineralogical composition and paragenetic succession, and to characterize the mineralizing fluids through fluid inclusion studies. This vein-type mineralization, long considered as sinter-type, is hosted by the Cenomanian limestones of Djebel Debbagh series, which often show brecciated textures. Barite, stibnite, sphalerite, rare cinnabar and antimony oxides (valentinite and senarmontite) are the main minerals determined through microscopic observations and SEM-EDX analyses. Fluid inclusion (FI) studies were carried out on quartz crystals of the main mineralizing stage (II). Petrographic observation shows three types of FI: primary, pseudo-secondary and secondary FI. The primary inclusions of 20 to 200&#xa0;μm in size are mainly two-phase (liquid + vapor) FI, with liquid filling rates varying between 85 and 95%. Pseudo-secondary inclusions are also two-phase (liquid + vapor) but with smaller size (20 to 40&#xa0;μm). Rare secondary, often single-phase (liquid), spherical inclusions are small (˃15&#xa0;μm). Microthermometric measurements were performed on the primary and pseudo-secondary FI. Homogenization temperatures (T<sub>h</sub>) in the primary FI were in the range of 124 to 270&#xa0;° C, and the salinity values vary between 0.85 and 19.45% eq.&#xa0;NaCl. Secondary FI gave slightly lower and narrower range of T<sub>h</sub>, between 124 and 149&#xa0;° C, but similar wide range of salinities varying between 1.74 and 20.97% eq.&#xa0;NaCl. The estimated P-T-V-X conditions yield trapping pressures between 428 and 1024&#xa0;bar, corresponding to shallow to moderate crustal depths. These data point to hot, moderately saline deep-seated, probably magmatic heated, fluids that migrated upward to the surface through deep regional faults. Mineralogical and metallogenic results, as well as fluid inclusion data, indicate that the Sb-Ba-Zn and Hg mineralization of Koudiat Guelaat Bou Diar is comparable to many low-sulfidation epithermal deposits of NE Algeria and worldwide. It belongs to sinter-type mineralization that may contain potentially precious metals, such as gold and silver.</p>

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The sinter-type Sb- Ba-Zn- hg mineralization of the Koudiat Guelaat Bou Diar showing (Djebel Debbagh, NE Algeria): geological, mineralogical and fluid inclusions studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Hamza Larit,
  • Rabah Laouar,
  • Salah Bouhlel,
  • Rabah Kechiched,
  • Abdelmalek Lekoui,
  • Sihem Salmi-Laouar,
  • Ouafi Ameur-Zaimeche,
  • Abderrahmane Toubal

摘要

The Koudiat Guelaat Bou Diar is part of the Djebel Debbagh massif, which belongs to the Tellian Atlas of northeastern Algeria. The latter has experienced multiple Cenozoic tectonic episodes related to the Alpine subduction-collision event between the African and the Eurasian plate that led to the development of deep regional faults, thrusting nappes, and igneous activity. The Sb-Ba-Zn-Hg mineralization of the Koudiat Guelaat Bou Diar deposit, located in the Constantine neritic series, was studied for the first time in order to determine their mineralogical composition and paragenetic succession, and to characterize the mineralizing fluids through fluid inclusion studies. This vein-type mineralization, long considered as sinter-type, is hosted by the Cenomanian limestones of Djebel Debbagh series, which often show brecciated textures. Barite, stibnite, sphalerite, rare cinnabar and antimony oxides (valentinite and senarmontite) are the main minerals determined through microscopic observations and SEM-EDX analyses. Fluid inclusion (FI) studies were carried out on quartz crystals of the main mineralizing stage (II). Petrographic observation shows three types of FI: primary, pseudo-secondary and secondary FI. The primary inclusions of 20 to 200 μm in size are mainly two-phase (liquid + vapor) FI, with liquid filling rates varying between 85 and 95%. Pseudo-secondary inclusions are also two-phase (liquid + vapor) but with smaller size (20 to 40 μm). Rare secondary, often single-phase (liquid), spherical inclusions are small (˃15 μm). Microthermometric measurements were performed on the primary and pseudo-secondary FI. Homogenization temperatures (Th) in the primary FI were in the range of 124 to 270 ° C, and the salinity values vary between 0.85 and 19.45% eq. NaCl. Secondary FI gave slightly lower and narrower range of Th, between 124 and 149 ° C, but similar wide range of salinities varying between 1.74 and 20.97% eq. NaCl. The estimated P-T-V-X conditions yield trapping pressures between 428 and 1024 bar, corresponding to shallow to moderate crustal depths. These data point to hot, moderately saline deep-seated, probably magmatic heated, fluids that migrated upward to the surface through deep regional faults. Mineralogical and metallogenic results, as well as fluid inclusion data, indicate that the Sb-Ba-Zn and Hg mineralization of Koudiat Guelaat Bou Diar is comparable to many low-sulfidation epithermal deposits of NE Algeria and worldwide. It belongs to sinter-type mineralization that may contain potentially precious metals, such as gold and silver.