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<p>Heterogeneity analysis of hydrocarbon reservoirs plays a crucial role in reservoir behavior. Understanding large-scale heterogeneity in such reservoirs requires an effective stratigraphic framework, and sequence stratigraphy provides a powerful tool for correlating depositional patterns and architectural elements across the reservoir. This study investigates the relationship between microfacies, diagenetic processes, and rock types, focusing on their impact on reservoir quality within the framework of two sequence stratigraphic approaches—the transgressive–regressive and Exxon models. To address reservoir heterogeneity, the applicability and performance of both models were examined and compared in relation to various rock types identified within the studied formations. Petrographic studies led to the identification of nine sedimentary microfacies. Dolomitization, dissolution, cementation, compaction and fracturing are the main diagenetic features that played crucial role in reservoir quality. Two third-order sequences (KS-1, KS-2) in the Kangan and two (KS-3, KS-4) in the Upper Dalan Formation were identified. Lucia and Winland methods were applied to assess small-scale heterogeneity. Rock type frequency was analyzed by systems tract, and porosity–permeability data were plotted. The results indicate that KS-2 and KS-4 exhibit the highest reservoir quality among the identified sequences. In the LST, evaporite deposition resulted in reduced reservoir quality. HST identified using the Exxon method exhibited the highest reservoir quality. TST is the same in both methods and it has a moderate to good reservoir quality. Although models incorporating two systems tracts are commonly favored in many studies, this comparison indicates that the Exxon method provides a more effective framework for evaluating reservoir quality in carbonate reservoirs.</p>

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Optimizing sequence stratigraphy for heterogeneity management: a multi-scale approach in the Permian–Triassic reservoirs of the Persian Gulf

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月2日

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  • Samira Akbarzadeh,
  • Sepideh Davoodi,
  • Vahid Tavakoli

摘要

Heterogeneity analysis of hydrocarbon reservoirs plays a crucial role in reservoir behavior. Understanding large-scale heterogeneity in such reservoirs requires an effective stratigraphic framework, and sequence stratigraphy provides a powerful tool for correlating depositional patterns and architectural elements across the reservoir. This study investigates the relationship between microfacies, diagenetic processes, and rock types, focusing on their impact on reservoir quality within the framework of two sequence stratigraphic approaches—the transgressive–regressive and Exxon models. To address reservoir heterogeneity, the applicability and performance of both models were examined and compared in relation to various rock types identified within the studied formations. Petrographic studies led to the identification of nine sedimentary microfacies. Dolomitization, dissolution, cementation, compaction and fracturing are the main diagenetic features that played crucial role in reservoir quality. Two third-order sequences (KS-1, KS-2) in the Kangan and two (KS-3, KS-4) in the Upper Dalan Formation were identified. Lucia and Winland methods were applied to assess small-scale heterogeneity. Rock type frequency was analyzed by systems tract, and porosity–permeability data were plotted. The results indicate that KS-2 and KS-4 exhibit the highest reservoir quality among the identified sequences. In the LST, evaporite deposition resulted in reduced reservoir quality. HST identified using the Exxon method exhibited the highest reservoir quality. TST is the same in both methods and it has a moderate to good reservoir quality. Although models incorporating two systems tracts are commonly favored in many studies, this comparison indicates that the Exxon method provides a more effective framework for evaluating reservoir quality in carbonate reservoirs.