Scholarlink

<p>This study explores the microfacies and biostratigraphy of the Chichali, Lumshiwal, and Kawagarh Formations in the Upper Indus and Hazara Basins, Pakistan, to refine the Cretaceous stratigraphic framework of the region. The Chichali Formation comprises dark green, silty, sandy, and glauconitic shale, deposited in a deep marine, anoxic setting during transgressive phases. The overlying Lumshiwal Formation mainly consists of sandstone, indicating a regressive, and shallow-marine to marginal-marine environment. The Kawagarh Formation consists mainly of fine-grained limestone rich in planktonic foraminifera, indicating outer-shelf marine deposition. Twenty-seven planktonic foraminiferal species, largely belonging to the family <i>Globotruncanidae</i>, were identified; their stratigraphic ranges suggest a Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) age. The study further highlights sequence stratigraphy and depositional settings of the Cretaceous to Paleocene successions in the northwestern Indo-Pakistan plate. Sequence stratigraphic interpretation shows that the Chichali Formation represents deposition in a deep-marine anoxic environment during relative sea-level rise, corresponding to the Lowstand and subsequent Transgressive Systems Tracts (LST and TST). The Lumshiwal Formation records a regressive, shallower environment within the Highstand Systems Tract (HST). The Kawagarh Formation reflects an outer-shelf setting associated with the Transgressive Systems Tract (TST). This study also documents the K–Pg boundary transition in Northern Pakistan, enabling regional correlation with boundary successions in Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Meghalaya in India, and contributing to paleogeographic reconstructions of the Indian plate during its isolated drift phase. These findings enhance understanding of the regional Cretaceous depositional history and provide a refined biostratigraphic framework for correlating Upper Cretaceous successions across the Indo-Pakistan plate.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Sedimentology and biostratigraphy of the Cretaceous–Paleocene successions in Northern Pakistan: evidence from the Hazara, Kala Chitta, Potwar, and Kohat Basins

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

查看全文
  • Syed Kamran Ali,
  • Hafiz Sohaib Bashir,
  • Asim Qadir,
  • Muhammad Saleem Mughal,
  • Khurram Iqbal,
  • Abrar Niaz,
  • Khawaja Umair Majeed

摘要

This study explores the microfacies and biostratigraphy of the Chichali, Lumshiwal, and Kawagarh Formations in the Upper Indus and Hazara Basins, Pakistan, to refine the Cretaceous stratigraphic framework of the region. The Chichali Formation comprises dark green, silty, sandy, and glauconitic shale, deposited in a deep marine, anoxic setting during transgressive phases. The overlying Lumshiwal Formation mainly consists of sandstone, indicating a regressive, and shallow-marine to marginal-marine environment. The Kawagarh Formation consists mainly of fine-grained limestone rich in planktonic foraminifera, indicating outer-shelf marine deposition. Twenty-seven planktonic foraminiferal species, largely belonging to the family Globotruncanidae, were identified; their stratigraphic ranges suggest a Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) age. The study further highlights sequence stratigraphy and depositional settings of the Cretaceous to Paleocene successions in the northwestern Indo-Pakistan plate. Sequence stratigraphic interpretation shows that the Chichali Formation represents deposition in a deep-marine anoxic environment during relative sea-level rise, corresponding to the Lowstand and subsequent Transgressive Systems Tracts (LST and TST). The Lumshiwal Formation records a regressive, shallower environment within the Highstand Systems Tract (HST). The Kawagarh Formation reflects an outer-shelf setting associated with the Transgressive Systems Tract (TST). This study also documents the K–Pg boundary transition in Northern Pakistan, enabling regional correlation with boundary successions in Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Meghalaya in India, and contributing to paleogeographic reconstructions of the Indian plate during its isolated drift phase. These findings enhance understanding of the regional Cretaceous depositional history and provide a refined biostratigraphic framework for correlating Upper Cretaceous successions across the Indo-Pakistan plate.