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<p>The aesthetic value of Huanglong’s travertine landscapes in China has significantly declined in recent years due to blackening phenomena. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms through comparative analysis of blackened versus unblackened travertine samples. XRD analysis revealed that both sample types primarily consist of calcite (CaCO₃), with no detectable differences in mineralogical or bulk chemical composition. However, distinctive spherical structures were observed exclusively on blackened travertine surfaces. The key distinction between the two types lies in their organic content. Microbial community analysis revealed that cyanobacteria dominated the blackened travertine, whereas Proteobacteria were prevalent in unblackened travertine. Importantly, <i>Acidiphilium</i> was significantly more abundant in blackened travertine. Furthermore, a positive correlation was identified between <i>unclassified_o__Cyanobacteriales</i>, <i>Acidiphilium</i>, and total carbon (TC). In addition, the presence of zeaxanthin 、vulpinic acid and usnic acid, which can lead to color changes, was found in the metabolites of blackened travertine. It can be seen that there is no significant difference in mineral phase composition and chemical composition between blackened travertine and unblackened travertine. <i>Cyanobacteria</i>, <i>Acidiphilium</i> and some microbial metabolites are the main reasons for the blackening of travertine.</p>

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Study on travertine blackening under microbiology regulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月14日

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  • Ruiyang Jiang,
  • Qunwei Dai,
  • Ting Zhang,
  • Weiqi Du,
  • Xiaobo Luo,
  • Dejun An,
  • Zhilin Chen,
  • Zhiqing Deng,
  • Lihui Wang,
  • Jiangrong Cai,
  • Yuanjie Xie

摘要

The aesthetic value of Huanglong’s travertine landscapes in China has significantly declined in recent years due to blackening phenomena. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms through comparative analysis of blackened versus unblackened travertine samples. XRD analysis revealed that both sample types primarily consist of calcite (CaCO₃), with no detectable differences in mineralogical or bulk chemical composition. However, distinctive spherical structures were observed exclusively on blackened travertine surfaces. The key distinction between the two types lies in their organic content. Microbial community analysis revealed that cyanobacteria dominated the blackened travertine, whereas Proteobacteria were prevalent in unblackened travertine. Importantly, Acidiphilium was significantly more abundant in blackened travertine. Furthermore, a positive correlation was identified between unclassified_o__Cyanobacteriales, Acidiphilium, and total carbon (TC). In addition, the presence of zeaxanthin 、vulpinic acid and usnic acid, which can lead to color changes, was found in the metabolites of blackened travertine. It can be seen that there is no significant difference in mineral phase composition and chemical composition between blackened travertine and unblackened travertine. Cyanobacteria, Acidiphilium and some microbial metabolites are the main reasons for the blackening of travertine.