Geochemistry of the U-bearing lithofacies within the major graben in Um Bogma area, Sinai, Egypt: implications for mineralization genesis and controlling factors
摘要
This study focuses on the geochemical characterization of the uranium bearing lithofacies which exist within the major graben of Um Bogma area. The mineralization genesis and its controlling factors in these lithofacies, including ferromanganese ore, siltstones, claystones, marl, gibbsite and black shale were considered. These lithofacies were chemically analyzed for the major oxides by employing a flame photometer, titration and UV/Visible spectrophotometer. Cu, Ni, and Zn were determined using an atomic spectrophotometer, while other trace elements were determined using X-ray fluorescence. The REEs were estimated using ICP-MS. The considered graben structure plays a major role in staying maintaining the down thrown block, which retains its geochemical composition via turning into a basin that receives the products of the weathering, erosion and diagenetic processes of the limbs lithofacies. These structurally controlled lithofacies are promising for Cu, V, Y, Zr, Zn, HREE and U therefore; they need more exploration to develop the resources of these elements along their extensions. The enrichment of Zn, Ni, Cu and V elements in the graben limbs is related to the hydrothermal activities. The distribution of uranium in the studied environs is mainly controlled by organic matter content, detrital refractory minerals content, lithological control, karstification-bauxitization processes and the degree of weathering processes. Wadi El Feraa locality, one of the most mineralized prospects, is characterized by high REE content (reaching up to 6560 ppm) recorded in the ferruginous siltstones. These lithofacies range from geochemically immature to mature and were deposited in tropical climate conditions of an active continental margin. They contain minerals of detrital, diagenetic and hydrothermal origin.